Operating system ros. Masking as Russian software

To install the ROSA Linux operating system, you need to prepare your computer, select and download an image, write it to a USB drive (flash drive) or DVD disc and finally install the system. All this is not so difficult and, if your computer turns out to be well compatible with ROSA Linux, even a novice user can cope with the installation.

Preparing your computer

The easiest way is to install ROSA Linux on empty disk or deleting all information on the disk. But this option is not very convenient - most likely you have important documents or photographs, or maybe you want to keep Windows or another system next to ROSA Linux in order to be able to work both there.

If you already have another system installed and want to keep it, you may need to clear free space for our Linux. We recommend using the tools that are built into your installed system to change partitions on the disk so that there remains free, unallocated space of at least 20 GiB. The ROSA Linux installer can do this itself, but usually any system processes its partitions most correctly. Also if you are using the latest Windows versions, it is recommended to disable the “quick start” technology in them using the command

Powercfg -h off

Note
It is recommended to install on a computer connected to the Internet via a cable. This will allow the installer to automatically determine the answers to most questions and make possible installation drivers for wifi (if they are not detected immediately)

Choosing a desktop image and environment

Current images of ROSA

• ROSA Desktop Fresh R9 is the first release of the 2016.1 platform, which will be supported for 4 years, in accordance with the release policy, until the development of the new 2018.1 platform is completed. R9 features new software versions and is recommended primarily for enthusiasts.
• ROSA Desktop Fresh R8.1 - For users who prefer stability.

Desktop environments

Unlike Windows, in ROSA Linux you can select various desktop shells to suit your taste and download an image with them.

Available desktop environments:

• ROSA R8 distribution

• ROSA R9 distribution

Two architectures are also available - i586 and x64, respectively - 32-bit and 64-bit. 64-bit uses significantly more RAM but runs slightly faster; 32-bit programs, such as skype or steam, work fine on a 64-bit system. You should also take into account that some programs, for example viber or WarThunder They are only available in 64-bit versions, which means they require a 64-bit system. Modern computers also use UEFI technology.

In short, if you have modern computer with more than 2 GB of memory, then select an image x64UEFI, if there is 1 or 2 GB of memory - 32-bit architecture i586.

Note
You can evaluate how the ROSA Linux image you have chosen will work on your computer without installation; to do this, you need to boot into Live-mode by selecting from the boot menu Start ROSA Desktop

Burning an image to a USB drive and booting from it

Most often, ROSA Linux is installed on a computer using a USB drive. To install, you will need a flash drive with a capacity of 4GiB or more and the ROSA ImageWriter program. Select your flash drive and your chosen image in this program and click "Burn"

Now you need to reboot from the flash drive. This usually involves selecting a reboot order in your computer's BIOS. How to do this depends on specific model computer and described in its documentation, this is often done by pressing the F12 or F2 keys at the very beginning of boot.

Free space installation

If you cleared space for ROSA Linux before installation, select installation on the free space in the installer.

Installation problems

Most installation issues can be resolved using Errata

Other installation methods

Installation in VirtualBox

Recording an image in the console

To write an image to text mode console (this is only possible in Linux OS):

1. Install the "dd_rescue" package.
2. Insert the flash drive into the USB connector.
3. Give the command from Root (we assume that your flash drive is visible to the system as /dev/sdb, this can be checked with the command blkid)

Warning
Carefully! If you incorrectly specify the drive to write to in the commands ddrescue or dd, then its contents will be destroyed!

You can also write the image using the command dd with parameter bs=8M For example:

Installation from DVD

Some old computers cannot boot from USB drives, so you have to install ROSA Fresh from DVDs. Burn the image to DVD and boot from it, the installation is completely similar to the installation from USB flash drive. Use good discs and not too high speed entries, otherwise the installation process may fail.

OS ROSA great option Russian production. Since my work is computer related, I am constantly in search of the ideal operating system. What does this concept include? Security, speed, and operation without any system freezes. Latest windows time does not please users, so I turned my attention to the Russian OS ROSA.

It was created from Mandriva in 2011. However, a really working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 became a new page for domestic windows analogues.

A tremendous amount of work was done by specialists on it. different countries, about 1 million lines of code were changed and added, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. This line of systems also includes a server version - Rosa Server and a more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (characterized by 5 years of support). Unlike, and the ROSA operating system has a number of advantages.

Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages

In my opinion it is best for personal use Desktop is suitable, since it contains all the best developments. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a whole series advantages:

It combines elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;

Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers; they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete package. Installed and rejoice;

If you doubt the need to change the system, you can use the so-called “guest mode”. To do this, you should create a bootable USB flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;

Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;

In this system, the interface is very well thought out and everything necessary tools easy to find, although they are a little different from what we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the “Start” button, you find yourself in some semblance of a menu for androids and (or) smartphones;

ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in “freeze mode”, and after a reboot, return the system to its original state.

Download OS ROSA-http://www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/

A very wise decision by the developers was that they made ROSA OS free. This step leads to its rapid spread without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, became an ideal option for me. And its ability to distribute WiFi in two clicks was a rather pleasant surprise for me.

My husband said that at night he will do whatever I want... I wish it was night soon - I want to see how he will glue the wallpaper in the hallway!
Just a joke - humor)

I’d like to point out right away that I’m not very familiar with “penguin-like” systems; I previously tried to accustom myself or them to mutual understanding, but things are still there :) Just recently I came across a Russian operating system head-on. It is a freely distributed operating system aimed at experienced users Linux. Most likely I would pass by if not for one thing... Presence in the family operating systems ROSA (ROSA) words Russian. is a Russian center for the development of system software, including according to requirements Russian legislation in the field of information security. The company "NTC IT ROSA" LLC offers several options for operating systems on Linux based For desktop computers and laptops: ROSA "CHROME", ROSA "COBALT", ROSA "NICKEL", ROSA Enterprise Desktop (RED) and ROSA Desktop Fresh.

On my hard drive I have a sweet pair of Windows 8.1 and 7. Of course, one is on the first partition (C:), the second is on (D:). The third partition of the local disk (E:), as expected, contains user files. I’ll be honest, I couldn’t install a Russian operating system on a local disk without causing damage anywhere. Feeble-mindedness and all that, you know: unsure: . So if there are comments on how to do this without any losses and so that everything works well, please share the information. Without thinking twice, I decided to install ROSA Desktop Fresh on external storage. This is why I chose ROSA.FRESH.GNOME.R5.i586.iso.torrent and uploaded it to DVD-RW using UltraISO programs. By the way, those who prefer to use a flash drive can do this using the program.
Installing the system takes a significant amount of time for a long time, when compared with the same installation of systems from Microsoft. In short, what’s there to talk about, you can see for yourself how you managed to cram a new Russian operating system onto your computer. The video is at the very top of the post.
Before this, there were almost the same attempts, but with . For those interested, watch the video “Windows 7, Windows 8 and Linux Ubuntu on one computer":

Friends, install new systems on your computers, compare, share your impressions.
If you install the system on an external hard drive, then like a Live CD, you can easily run it on another computer. Therefore, you will have the opportunity to have a ready-made portable system with you. Just connect via USB to any computer and boot from external drive. In such systems, it is not at all necessary to search for a program on the Internet. Just click one button “Application Center (for example) Ubuntu” and select from the list of options. Or by entering keywords programs in search bar install it by pressing another button, which is called “Install”. There is no need to select a directory (folder) for installation. You don’t need to configure it for yourself during the installation process, checking boxes at random, sometimes without understanding their purpose. None license agreement and similar unnecessary windows. Even a novice user can really handle this. Well, we’ll find out how you did from your comments!

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Who has an old computer with installed memory(RAM) 2.00 GB and below, I would like to show you the small but effective Mem Reduct program. Capable...

The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of unified register Russian programs. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently expanded with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in software information protection, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and information systems personal data (ISPDn) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following guidelines: “Means computer technology. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; “Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the company Free Software and technologies" through the development partner "Basalt SPO".

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Developer: Basalt SPO company

The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal "Viola" Workstation", which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged operation. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as a controller domain Active Directory and contains the maximum complete set services and environments for creating corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring and other tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.

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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)

Russian project to create an ecosystem software products based on Linux distribution, intended for complex automation workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, a server email and DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.

Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition ( general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest OS version: advanced software information security processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and closedness control software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform, certified simultaneously in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allowing processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation information limited access, containing information constituting a state secret classified no higher than “top secret”.

⇡ ROSALinux

Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"

The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use(ROSA Fresh version) and application in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of the organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing confidential information and personal data (ROSA “Cobalt”), as well as information constituting state secrets (ROSA “Chrome” and “Nickel”). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion large quantity additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center for information technologies "ROSA". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management network resources and data storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-time job in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains required set application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the sole OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on commercial terms and a paid technical support, but also an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes tools remote administration, has a built-in firewall, certified for compliance with the RD ME for the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.

⇡ "Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)

Developer: ALFA Vision company

Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. IN present moment"Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special process management mechanisms were implemented, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. While working in real time, you can set various modes processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task planning, software development and other tools.

⇡ "EdOS"

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides IT administrators with necessary tools for prompt response to information security incidents.

⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)

Developer: Red Soft company

GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the basis CentOS distribution 6.4, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014 the system received a certificate compliance with FSTEC Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the guiding document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation on the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial authorities and divisions of the FSSP of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: Almi LLC

Product website:

Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of an operating room Windows systems, macOS stability and Linux security“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many popular applications in the business environment. software solutions, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptoprotection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. The WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for delimiting access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (“Elbrus-90micro”), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).

⇡ "Zarya"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. For building data centers it offers standard set server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many network protocols application level (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains tools for restoring the OS configuration upon reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via local network or from a USB flash drive. It is possible to configure auto-update as with local server the customer and from the Kraftway server.

⇡ WTware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workstations in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners, and more. peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port redirection, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers free version OS.

⇡ KasperskyOS

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated control systems technological processes(APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees high level information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAX real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic, fault-tolerant individual components synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.