How to increase the output voltage of a transformer. Well-known step-up transformer ...

The transformer converts power in networks and installations designed to receive and work with electricity. A step-up transformer is a static unit powered by a voltage source to transform high power into low power. It is used to isolate logic protection circuits and measuring lines from high voltage.

Transformer concept

An electromagnetic device with two or more windings coupled by induction on a magnetic circuit is called a transformer. It is designed to change AC voltage while maintaining frequency and is used in the production, transmission and reception of electrical power.

The voltage boosting unit contains a wire coil surrounded by magnetic lines located on a core to conduct flux. The material of the rod is ferromagnetic alloys. The unit operates with high capacities, its use is due to different indicators of the voltages of city lines (about 6.2 kV), consumer circuit (0.4 kV) and the power required for the operation of electrical appliances and machines (from single readings to several hundred kilovolts).

Application in networks

The devices are installed in electrical lines and power supplies of consumer points. In accordance with the Joule-Lenz law, as the current increases, heat is released, which heats up the wire. To transmit energy over long linear distances, the voltage is increased, and the currents are reduced. When supplied to the consumer, the power is reduced, since for safety reasons it would be necessary to use massive insulation.

At the beginning of the chain, a step-up transformer is installed, and at the receiving point, the indicators are lowered. Such combinations are used repeatedly throughout the power transmission line, achieving favorable conditions for the transportation of electricity and creating acceptable values for the consumer.

Due to the presence of three phases in the network, three-phase units are used to transform energy. Sometimes a group is used in which the devices are combined into a star model, while they have a common conducting rod.

Although the efficiency of high-power units reaches almost one hundred percent, a lot of heat is still generated. A typical 1 GW power plant transformer produces several megawatts. In order to reduce this phenomenon, a refrigeration system has been developed in the form of a tank with non-combustible liquid or transformer oil and a strong air heat distribution device. Cooling is often water, the dry principle is used at low power.

Magnetic system

A magnetic circuit is a complex of plates or other elements made of electrical steel, composed in a chosen geometric configuration. The structure contains the fields of the unit. The assembled magnetic core together with the nodes and connecting elements forms the transformer skeleton. The part on which the windings are wound is a rod. The area of the system intended for closing the circuit and not carrying the loop turns is called the yoke. The arrangement of the rods in space serves to divide the system into the following types:

Unit windings

The winding consists of individual turns that are conductors, or a set of such transmitters (strands of several wires). The turnover once bypasses the rod, the current of which, together with the currents of other cores and systems, reproduces the magnetic field. The result is an electromotive force (EMF).

The winding is an ordered set of turns. It forms a chain in which the forces induced in revolutions are added. The winding of a three-phase unit consists of several combined windings of three phases with the same voltage.

Step-down and step-up transformer rods are made in a square configuration for the best use of space (increasing the filling factor in the rod window). If it is required to increase the cross-section of the core, then it is divided into several conductors. This is used to reduce eddy currents in the sheath. A conductor with a square cross-section is called a conductor. According to the functioning of the windings, they are divided into several types:

The core is insulated with a layer of paper or enamel varnish. Two parallel protected wires located side by side are fenced off with a common paper wrap and are called a transposed cable. Its separate form is a continuous continuation, which is formed when the vein of one layer moves to the next layer with the same pitch in a single insulation. The paper protection is made from thin strips 2-4 cm wide, applied around the cable. To obtain the required layer of a given thickness, the paper is applied in several layers. Depending on the design, the winding is:

Cooling tank

It is a container for oil and at the same time protects the active components of the unit from overheating. In the design, it plays the role of a support for additional and control devices. Before filling, air is removed from the tank, which destroys the insulation and reduces its protective properties. Because of this, the tank operates at low atmospheric pressure.

To reduce the noise from the operation of the transformer, the sound frequencies reproduced by the rod of the unit must match, and similar indicators of the resonance of the structural elements. To discharge when the volume of liquid in the tank increases from heating, a separately located expansion tank is installed.

Raising the power ratings increases the speed of movement of electrons outside and inside the transformer, which destroys the structure. The scattering magnetic current in the tank acts in a similar way. Liners are used from a material that is not subject to magnetization. They are positioned around high flow insulators to reduce the risk of overheating. The interior decoration of the tank is made so that it does not allow the magnetic flux to pass through the tank barriers. Material with low resistance to magnetism absorbs the flow before it penetrates the outer walls.

The number of semicircles is almost the same as the number of wrapping revolutions. With increasing turns, more arcs are made, but there is no strict proportionality. Near the exit, the beginning of the windings (on two and more coils) is indicated by a bold point. They put the designations of the instantaneous EMF, they are usually the same at the outputs.

This approach is used when showing the intermediateness of aggregates in converting chains to outline synchronicity or antiphase. The designation is also relevant for several coils, if polarity is required for their effective operation. The absence of an explicit designation of the coils suggests that they go in one direction, that is, the end of the previous one corresponds to the beginning of the next one.

Features of operation

To determine the service life, the concept of economic and technical service life is used. The economic segment ends when the price of power transformation with the help of the required transformer exceeds the unit cost of the same services in the corresponding market niche. The technical service life is terminated with the failure of a large number of elements requiring major overhaul of the unit.

Parallel use

This regulation is applied due to the fact that with a low load, the power reduction unit allows significant losses at idle. To remedy the situation, it is replaced by a group of low-power devices, which, if necessary, are turned off one by one. Requirements for such a connection:

The units included in the group are used with the same technical parameters.

Frequency and power regulation

In cases of equal voltage on the primary windings, units with a certain frequency can be operated with increased network indicators with the recommended replacement of attachments. At a frequency less than the nominal, the induction increases the values in the magnetic drive, which leads to a jump in the current during idle operation and a change in its type.

Voltage regulation of the transformer is used in the network due to the fact that the normal operation of consumers is possible only with the power of certain parameters and minimum deviations from them.

Isolation and overvoltage

Specialists carry out regular tests and repairs of the protective layer of the transformer, as it loses its properties from high temperatures. This applies to the aggregate oil in the cooling tank and the isolation of active elements. After checking, the information on the state of the protective materials is entered into the unit's passport.

Sometimes the devices operate in high power conditions. Overvoltage is classified into two types:

the short-term effect of a strong factor lasts from one second to 2-4 hours;
transient overvoltage lasts from 2-5 nanoseconds to 3-5 milliseconds, it is oscillatory or non-oscillatory, but always has the same direction.

Sometimes both types of overvoltage are combined during an overload. The reasons for their occurrence can be lightning discharges, while the current pulse rate depends on the distance between the transformer and the impact site. The second reason is the changes in the operating conditions formed within the system. They consist in breakdowns, conduction disturbances, short circuits, fires, frequent connections and disconnections.

During quality control in the factory, the units are checked and reported on the possibility of uninterrupted operation in accordance with the standards.

Step-up transformers are power structures designed for installation in electrical household and industrial circuits. The installation changes the voltage upward. How the step-up type of transformers works, where such installations are used, needs to be considered in more detail.

Functioning

To understand what step-up transformers are, you need to understand the principle of operation. The equipment is manufactured for power plants, the design diagrams of which belong to the passage category.

A step-up transformer at power plants is used to provide settlements and other facilities with current with certain technical indicators. Without a converter, the high voltage gradually decreases along its path. The end consumer would not be getting enough electricity. At the final power plant in the circuit, thanks to this installation, electricity of the corresponding value is taken. The consumer receives voltage in the network up to 220 V. Industrial networks are provided up to 380 V.

The diagram showing the operation of a transformer in a line includes several elements. The generator at the power plant produces 12 kV electricity. It goes through the wires to the step-up substations. A transformer device is installed here, designed to increase the indicator in the line to 400 kV.

From the substation, electricity is supplied to the high-voltage line. Then the energy goes to the step-down substation. Here it drops to 12kV.

Inversely operated transformers, the current is directed into the low-voltage transmission line. At the end, another reduction unit is installed. From it, electricity with an indicator of 220 V enters houses, apartments, etc.

The principle of the device

Considering how a step-up transformer works, you need to understand the basic principles of the structure. The basis of the transformer is the electromagnetic induction mechanism. The metal core is in an insulating environment. The circuit includes two coils. The number of windings is not the same. Coils are capable of increasing the indicator, in the first circuit of which there are more turns than in the second.

AC voltage is supplied to the first circuit. For example, this is the current in the network 110 (100) V. A magnetic field appears. Its strength increases with the correct ratio of the windings in the core. When electricity passes through the second winding in the step-up transformer, a current appears with a certain indicator. For example, an indicator of the characteristics of a 220 V network is provided.

In this case, the frequency remains the same. To supply direct current to the power supply line, a converter is mounted in the circuit. This device can be in the equipment of the step-up type. The device is capable of working not only to change the voltage, but also the frequency. Certain equipment is supplied with direct current.

Varieties

Autotransformer. It has one combined winding.
Power. The most common type among devices that increase the voltage indicator.
Anti-resonant. It has a closed design. Due to the special operating principle, they have compact dimensions.
Grounded. The windings are connected in a star or zigzag.
Peak transformers. Separate direct and alternating current.
Household. The improvement of the characteristics of electricity during the operation of the transformer is carried out in a small range. They help to eliminate interference in the household network, to protect equipment from surges, low and high electricity.

The presented designs differ in power and technical characteristics.

Other types

In accordance with the performance characteristics, the presented equipment differs in several other ways. By the number of circuits, there are single-phase (household) and three-phase (industrial) designs.

Various substances are used as a cooling system. Distinguish between oily and dry varieties. In the first case, the equipment is cheaper. Oil is flammable. When using them, high-quality protection against accidents is provided. Dry aggregates are filled with a non-flammable substance. They are more expensive, but the requirements for their installation are loyal.

The circulation of the coolant in the system can be forced or natural. There are constructions in which these methods are combined. The variety of types allows everyone to choose the optimal type of device.

Marking

Manufacturers have developed a special labeling for the equipment presented. This allows users and auditors to easily identify the type of equipment.

In general, the notation looks like this - TM / H - X, where:

T - designation of the type of device;
M is the power of the unit specified by the manufacturer, kVA;
H - voltage class from the side of the high voltage winding (HV);
X is a climatic characteristic that determines the features of placement in accordance with GOST 15150.

The marking may include other characteristics. The plate indicating the parameters of the device is installed on its body. When installing the equipment, the information with the marking must be in a place accessible for visual inspection. Read more about the marking of transformers.

Repair and service

Complex equipment is called a transformer. Periodically it will be necessary to carry out its maintenance and. It is recommended to entrust this work to professionals. Only a person with appropriate training has the right to carry out such work.

With an increased heating rate, the presence of noise, it is required to rewind the transformer circuits. This procedure can be performed by an unqualified specialist with a minimum level of knowledge in the field of electrical engineering.

The device has a magnetic drive. It is common for coils. The first circuit is responsible for lowering, and the second for increasing electricity in the network. Inspection of the transformer is carried out according to a certain technology.

Examination

First, a visual inspection of the block is carried out. If overheating is observed during operation, deformations, irregularities, and swelling of the insulation appear on the surface. If the inspection does not reveal any deviations, you need to find the entrance and exit of the device. The first one is connected to the first coil. This is where the magnetic field appears at the moment the electricity is applied. The output is connected to the secondary winding.

The output signal is filtered. This indicator needs to be measured. The collapsible parts of the body structure are removed. Access to microcircuits is required. This will allow you to measure the voltage with a multimeter. In this case, you will need to take into account the nominal indicators. If the measurement result is less than 80% of the manufacturer's specified value, the primary circuit does not function correctly.

The first coil is disconnected from the instrument. It no longer receives electricity. Then the secondary circuit is checked. In the absence of filtration, power from the measuring device is used. In the absence of normal voltage in the system, the equipment requires repair.

After checking in case of serviceability of the constituent elements, the structure is assembled in the reverse order. If necessary, the unit is repaired.

Interesting video: How does a transformer work?

Having considered the features, the principle of operation of step-up transformers, one can assess their importance in power lines. The use of such equipment improves the quality of electricity in household and industrial networks. It is installed everywhere. The presented types of installations are in high demand today.

The voltage drop in the 220 volt primary network is sometimes a very serious problem in rural areas, and not only. The refrigerator does not start, the tile does not heat, you cannot stroke it with an iron, you cannot solder with a soldering iron, but you never know…. If the voltage drop for heating devices that have active resistance for the network is not a lethal phenomenon, then for the equipment in which the motors are installed, in particular, refrigerators, it can become the last in their life.

Let's start with a simple one, with heating equipment. Since the voltage waveform for the heaters does not matter at all, it is not a problem to raise the effective (rms or effective) value of the supply voltage for them. We look at the schematic.

This prefix mains voltage (Fig. 1) first rectifies (Fig. 2), and then, due to the energy stored in the capacitors, increases the effective voltage, see Fig. 3.

The rectifier bridge can be used either ready-made or soldered from individual diodes. In rural areas, overhead power lines and high voltage impulse voltage surges not uncommon, so when choosing rectifier elements, pay attention to the maximum operating voltage of the diodes. The higher the better, within reasonable limits of course. The operating current of the diodes must exceed the load current by 2 times 3. You will have to choose the capacitance of the capacitors yourself. It depends both on the magnitude of the mains voltage dip and on the power of your heater. Be careful with this attachment, if the mains voltage returns to normal, then its output voltage will be higher than the operating voltage of the load. The amount of overvoltage depends on the value of the capacitance of the currently connected capacitors. Hence the required current margin for the diodes. I have such an attachment for a large 100W soldering iron in the form of an ax, for its quick warming up.

Now about, for example, a refrigerator. This companion needs a variable sine. Of course, you can buy both an autotransformer and a stabilizer. But you can get by with a simple transformer, the so-called voltage transformer... We look at the schematic.

It can be seen from the diagram that an additional transformer winding is connected in series with the upper wire of the 220 volt network. If it is turned on in phase with the network, then the voltages will add up (when it is necessary to raise the voltage), If it is turned on in antiphase, then the mains voltage and the voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer will be subtracted, this is the case when the voltage must be reduced.

How to increase the network voltage, calculations.

Now let's count a little, at least approximately. Let's say you have a voltage drop of thirty volts. The required load current is five amperes. It follows that we need a power of 150W. A transformer from an old tube TV is guaranteed to cope with such power. For example, TS-180.
Transformer TS-180, TS-180-2, TS180-2V parameters download

So, we downloaded the data, found the TS-180, Add all the turns of the primary windings, 375 + 58 + 375 + 58 = 866 turns. Find the number of turns per volt 866/220 = approximately 4 turns per volt. To get the 30V we need, we multiply 30 by 4 = 120 turns. 60 turns per coil (TC-180 has two of them). The wire diameter for five amperes is 0.7 √I = 0.7√5 = 0.7 ∙ 2.236 ≈ 1.56 mm. Small explanations. After disassembling factory transformers, I always increase the number of turns of the primary winding, first of all, this is due to the fact that it will not be possible to reassemble the core, as is done in production conditions. Therefore, an increase in the no-load current (possibly several times due to the absence of a ferron filler in the gap, since the core is split) is guaranteed. Yes, and the armor core cannot be completely assembled, plate 1,2,3 will still remain.

You have probably already noticed that through such a transformer it is possible to power a motor with a capacity of one kilowatt. The circuit does not have a toggle switch for connecting our transformer. It can commute like the primary winding of a transformer, but there will be losses due to the secondary winding permanently connected to the network, so switch the secondary winding itself, but here there will be losses due to the permanently connected primary winding. While I am writing this text, an idea came to my mind. Now I will add and draw a diagram. So, to switch a transformer, you need two switches or one with several directions. Now everything is about the idea, I drew a diagram. We look at the diagram.

And so, the switch is in the down position, the transformer adds voltage. The switch is in the upper position, the primary winding is short-circuited, which means there is a short circuit in the secondary winding, and this is nothing else that the transformer has disappeared, only the active resistance of the secondary winding remains.

Taaa ... k, another scheme was born. I’ll draw it now. That I hadn’t thought of this before, although on the Web, perhaps, someone drew it a long time ago. We look.

If the switches are both at the bottom or both at the top, then there is no transformer in the circuit, there is a short circuit in the primary winding, the remaining active resistance is less than Ohm. Now left up, right down - a transformer, for example, adds voltage, and right up and left down - reduces. Well, that's all, maybe someone will need it. Good luck. K.V.Yu. Yes, just a little more. And if instead of switches we use H-bridge from field effect transistors, and even a microcontroller that monitors the level of the mains voltage, then you can probably make a relay-type AC voltage stabilizer with a small (relatively) transformer for high (relatively) power. Who would have done all this. At least there is something to think about.
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What and why boosts the transformer? And at whose expense?

We already looked at what a transformer is, now let's take a closer look at what a step-up transformer is and what it is used for. Let's start with a simple example to help you understand why step-up transformers are needed.

Take a flashlight and make sure the batteries are not low and the light is on brightly. Now unscrew the head of the flashlight, and power the light bulb through a cable 50 meters long. Do it yourself if you don’t believe us that the light bulb will not light up. This is due to too large line losses for this voltage. Let's note the word "tension".

Roughly the same thing will happen in a normal line between two cities, if the line is 220V. If there is no transformer in such an electrical wiring that increases the voltage, electricity will not reach the second city, it will all go to losses. Due to these losses, power engineering uses a scheme in which, after generating electricity, the voltage at the point of generation rises significantly, electricity is transferred to the consumer through high-voltage lines, where it is then reduced to the desired value and distributed to consumers.

So, with very rough strokes, the scheme in this case looks like this:

Generator that generates electricity;
Step-up transformer;
Power transmission line;
A step-down transformer;
Local power grids;
Electricity consumer.

For clarity, you can give the following picture:

Why exactly energy? The fact is that this is the main area of application of step-up transformers, if we talk about the specific contribution of transformers to the transformation of electricity. That is, it is in this area that they are most in demand, and without them it is impossible to imagine modern energy systems.

In order to understand how the voltage rises from 110V to 220V, or the currents change, you need to remember that the law of conservation of energy has not been canceled and the transformer does not generate any "free" electricity. By the way, it is on the manipulation of the laws of physics that it is built, it is worth plugging them into an outlet.

Quite the opposite, the step-up transformer perfectly illustrates the law of conservation of energy. Why? Yes, because if we consider the transformer as a closed system, then we get:

The incoming energy (U1) on the primary winding (electricity), the number of turns of which is denoted by N1;
Alternating magnetic field induced in the magnetic circuit (core);
Outgoing energy (U2) on the secondary winding, number of turns N2.

(The ratio of U2 to U1 gives a parameter k called the transformation ratio.)

So, if in this system the number of turns is the same, then we will get the same voltage at the output, minus the losses in the transformer itself. This is the first illustration. The second is that if the number of turns differs, then we will get a voltage higher or lower at the output, but at the same time in a closed system "transformer" the power will remain the same at the input and output(minus losses in the transformer itself).

On a note... This is worth considering again. Some effects in electrical engineering seem miraculous to non-specialists, but all these effects always exactly correspond to the law of conservation of energy. Therefore, before thinking about how to choose and where to install the device, "which will definitely save a lot of money," remember this example.

Thus, the step-up transformer works in strict accordance with the laws of conservation of energy and electromagnetic induction in AC networks, changing the voltage and currents, but not changing the power.

Is it possible to replace the transformer?

The types, types and areas of application of the step-up voltage transformer are not easy to find in the network, but very simple. Let's go over so as not to look:

Phase (one or three);
By windings (two or three (split-winding varieties)). There are also single-winding ones, these are autotransformers;
Insulation (oil, dry and non-combustible filling);
By the type of cooling (oil - natural, with air blowing and with forced circulation, air and with the help of a nitrogen cushion).

The marking of step-up transformers (more precisely all transformers) looks like this:

All these devices are well described, widespread and have a wide variety of applications: from large-scale power engineering to very small household appliances.

In fact, most of the transformers that increase the voltage, it is simply impossible to replace with other devices, but, nevertheless, as the classic said - “There are no irreplaceable people” (c).

You can change the voltage or currents in the power grid in other ways, and the losses will be comparable, and in some cases even lower. One example is the so-called T-shaped transformation scheme:

It may seem that this, in fact, is the circuit of a transformer, step-up or step-down. But in reality, the difference is this:

This is just a transformer circuit, from which it is perfectly visible that the windings are not connected to each other in any way, and the current in the secondary winding is induced without the participation of wires, so to speak. But in the T-shaped equivalent circuit of the transformer, it is clearly visible that there is no wire break.

At the same time, we, just like in a step-up transformer, will receive different voltages U1 and U2. Such methods are used where it is not possible to use a conventional transformer that increases the voltage. So, the transformer can be assembled by hand and connected where necessary, if there is such a need.

As a conclusion, a few words about the fate of transformers

Do not think that we decided to hit the fantasy, we are practical and realistic people. But, nevertheless, today in terms of generation, the situation is such that it is quite possible that transformers in a dozen years will not have such widespread use. The example is just above, this is only one of the options, but this is not the main thing.

Of course, they will serve for tens of years, but in the main field of use - energy, a step-up transformer is needed only as a secondary, auxiliary device. And it is needed only for the transmission of electricity over long distances. However, it is already clear today that over the past 30 years, the focus of this application is increasingly shifting towards large enterprises. If 30 years ago a private house that was not connected to the power grid was exotic, today there are already whole villages that do not use general-purpose networks in any way. Moreover, these settlements themselves are generation, feeding energy systems with surplus energy.

This is progress and the process that he once launched will surely come to a logical conclusion. An incandescent lamp is perhaps one of the first devices to become widespread, and even 50 years ago it seemed to many to be an eternal attribute of the lighting system. But the process is underway and in a dozen years it will be an anachronism. Do not consider this a lyrical digression, this applies to all electrical appliances without exception. It is for this reason that we are so wary of new products, some of which are outright cheating, and some are dead-end branches of evolution, such as, for example.

One of the tasks that our team of authors is trying to solve is to try to predict, assess at the instinct level, if you like, which of the new products will take their rightful place in our home power grids, and which will remain expensive toys and a waste of money. We, of course, may be wrong, but we will try to argue our understanding of these issues, especially in the short term.

To power electrical appliances, it is necessary to ensure the nominal values of the power supply parameters stated in their documentation. Undoubtedly, most modern electrical appliances operate from a 220 Volt alternating current network, but it so happens that you need to provide power to devices for other countries where the voltage is different, or to power something from the vehicle's on-board network. In this article, we will look at how to increase the AC and DC voltage and what is needed for this.

AC voltage boost

There are two ways to increase the alternating voltage - using a transformer or an autotransformer. The main difference between them is that when using a transformer, there is a galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary circuits, but when using an autotransformer, there is none.

Interesting! Galvanic isolation is the absence of electrical contact between the primary (input) circuit and the secondary (output) circuit.

Let's consider frequently asked questions. If you find yourself outside the borders of our vast homeland and the electrical networks there differ from our 220 V, for example, 110V, then in order to raise the voltage from 110 to 220 Volts you need to use a transformer, for example, such as shown in the figure below:

It should be said that such transformers can be used "in any direction". That is, if the technical documentation of your transformer says "the voltage of the primary winding is 220V, the secondary is 110V" - this does not mean that it cannot be connected to 110V. The transformers are reversible, and if you apply the same 110V to the secondary winding, 220V or another increased value will appear on the primary, proportional to the transformation ratio.

The next problem that many face is, especially often it is observed in private houses and in garages. The problem is related to poor condition and overloading of power lines. To solve this problem - you can use LATR (laboratory autotransformer). Most modern models can both decrease and gradually increase the network parameters.

Its diagram is shown on the front panel, and we will not dwell on the explanations of the principle of operation. LATRs are sold in different capacities, the one in the figure for about 250-500 VA (volt-amperes). In practice, there are models up to several kilowatts. This method is suitable for supplying nominal 220 volts to a specific electrical appliance.

If you need to cheaply raise the voltage throughout the house, your choice is a relay stabilizer. They are also sold for different capacities and the range is suitable for most typical cases (3-15 kW). The device is also based on an autotransformer. We talked about that in the article we referred to.

DC circuits

Everyone knows that transformers do not work with direct current, then how to increase the voltage in such cases? In most cases, the constant is increased using a field-effect or bipolar transistor and a PWM controller. In other words, it is called a transformerless voltage converter. If these three main elements are connected as shown in the figure below and a PWM signal is applied to the base of the transistor, then its output voltage will increase Ku times.

Ku = 1 / (1-D)

We will also consider typical situations.

Let's say you want to illuminate the keyboard using a small piece of LED strip. For this, the power of the charger from the smartphone (5-15 W) is quite enough, but the problem is that its output voltage is 5 Volts, and the common types of LED strips operate from 12V.

Then how to increase the voltage on the charger? The easiest way to boost is with a device such as a "dc-dc boost converter" or "DC-to-DC boost converter."

Such devices allow you to increase the voltage from 5 to 12 volts, and are sold both with a fixed value and adjustable, which in most cases will allow you to raise from 12 to 24 and even up to 36 volts. But keep in mind that the output current is limited by the weakest element of the circuit, in the situation under discussion - the current on the charger.

When using the specified board, the output current will be less than the input one as many times as the output voltage has risen, without taking into account the efficiency of the converter (it is in the region of 80-95%).

Such devices are built on the basis of MT3608, LM2577, XL6009 microcircuits. With their help, you can make a device for testing the regulator relay not on the car's generator, but on the desktop, adjusting the values from 12 to 14 volts. Below you see a video test of such a device.

Interesting! Fans of homemade products often ask the question "how to increase the voltage from 3.7 V to 5 V in order to make a Power bank on lithium batteries with their own hands?" The answer is simple - use the FP6291 converter board.

On such boards, using silk-screen printing, the purpose of the contact pads for connection is indicated, so you will not need a circuit.

Also, a frequently occurring situation is the need to connect the device to a 220V car battery, and it happens that outside the city you really need to get 220V. If you don't have a gasoline generator, use a car battery and an inverter to increase the voltage from 12 to 220 volts. A 1 kW model can be purchased for $ 35 - this is an inexpensive and proven way to connect a 220V drill, grinder, boiler or refrigerator to a 12V battery.

If you are a truck driver, the above inverter will not suit you, due to the fact that your on-board network is likely to have 24 Volts. If you need to raise the voltage from 24V to 220V, then pay attention to this when buying an inverter.

Although it is worth noting that there are universal converters that can operate from both 12 and 24 volts.

In cases where you need to get a high voltage, for example, raise it from 220 to 1000V, you can use a special multiplier. Its typical layout is shown below. It consists of diodes and capacitors. You will get a constant current at the output, take this into account. This is the Latour-Delon-Grenacher doubler:

And this is how the single-ended multiplier circuit looks like (Cockcroft-Walton).

With it, you can increase the voltage as many times as needed. This device is built in cascades, the number of which determines how many volts you get at the output. The following video describes how the multiplier works.

In addition to these circuits, there are many others, below are the circuits of a quadrupler, 6- and 8-fold multipliers, which are used to increase the voltage:

In conclusion, I would like to remind you of safety precautions. Be careful when connecting transformers, autotransformers, as well as working with inverters and multipliers. Do not touch live parts with bare hands. Make the connections with the device disconnected from the power supply, and avoid operating them in damp rooms with the possibility of water or splashing. Also, do not exceed the current declared by the manufacturer of the transformer, converter or power supply if you do not want it to burn out. Hopefully the tips provided will help you increase the voltage to the desired value! If you have any questions, ask them in the comments below the article!

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