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What determines the choice of RAM? RAM frequency

When faced with the problem of optimizing the operation of a computer and increasing its performance, the first step to solving the problem, which is easiest to do, is to increase amount of RAM or optimize it by increasing performance. The best option among those proposed is to purchase additional strip random access memory (RAM) or replacing existing memory sticks with those that have large capacity.

Difficulty in choosing when replacing an operational module Windows memory lies in the particular influence of its parameters on computer performance. It is worth remembering that RAM exchanges data with the central processor. The stronger the relationship between these components, the faster the necessary calculations are carried out in the system. Therefore, the choice of memory must be approached based on the above, and then the RAM will work with maximum efficiency.

But before you go to the store for new trims, you need to install:

  • What amount of memory is currently installed and what is the maximum amount supported by the board?
  • What type of memory is supported motherboard and processor?
  • How many memory slots are there and in what mode do they operate?
  • What is the memory frequency supported by the processor?

Let's start in order. In general, what is RAM needed for? To temporarily store data to perform ongoing processor operations. The larger it is, the easier it is for the processor to simultaneously perform several tasks.


RAM is volatile, that is, after the computer is turned off, all data on it will be deleted, unlike data stored on the hard drive.

How to find out the current amount of RAM?

To do this, it is not even necessary to open the computer lid - we launch the Speccy utility we already know and find the current characteristics in the corresponding section. In principle, all the main characteristics are already presented here, which we will consider in detail below.

At the moment we are interested in capacity - I have 2 slots on my laptop, both of which are occupied. The total size is 2000 MB (2GB), that is, there are 2 1 GB sticks on the laptop.


For normal daily Windows operation This is quite enough, but if you plan to play games with complex graphics or use heavy graphics or video programs, then it is advisable to set more.

By the way, each version operating system There is minimum requirements on RAM, without which it simply will not work.

  • For Windows XP— At least 64 MB of RAM (at least 128 MB recommended)
  • Windows 10, 7 and 8- 1 gigabyte (GB) (for a 32-bit system) or 2 GB (for a 64-bit system) of random access memory (RAM).

Even when planning for expansion, you should check the motherboard or processor specifications to see what the maximum size is supported. This is indicated in detailed description in the memory section. Yes, in the model Intel Core i54430 maximum size - 32 GB.

For an office PC on which you will only work with office documents, 1 GB of memory is sufficient.
For home for watching videos, photos, use various applications It is recommended to use 2 GB or more.
For a powerful gaming computer - 8GB and above.

However, keep in mind that 4 GB or more will only work fully on a 64-bit OS; Windows 32 and up will see no more than 3 GB.

Supported RAM type

The next indicator characterizing the RAM is its type. We list them as technologies develop - SDRAMM DIMM, DDR (or PC), DDR2 (PC-2) and DDR3 (PC-3).


As you can see from the above screenshot from the Speccy program, my laptop supports DDR3 memory, although today the latest modern standard is DDR4.

All modern processors They work with this standard, however, you can also find older standards on older boards. If your computer is many years old, then it is likely that it uses an outdated type and the memory module must be selected of this particular standard. Memory modules different types are incompatible with “foreign” slots on system board.

You can also find out the type of supported RAM from the characteristics of the processor (CPU) or motherboard model on the manufacturer's official website - you can also easily find out these models in the Speccy program or its analogues.

If you have spare sticks of RAM, it can also sometimes be difficult to determine what type it is. Usually they have a sticker indicating the type - PC, PC-2, PC-3 or DDR, DDR2, DDR3. But if there is no sticker, then we will determine it as follows.

The DDR and DDR2 strips are very similar in appearance and have 1 key (cutout) located almost in the center. But DDR has 180 contacts - 92 on each side. And on DDR2 - 240 - 120 on each side, and they are visually narrower than DDR2. It's easy to count them because they are numbered.

DDR3 modules have the same number of pins as PC-2, but the key is not in the middle, but shifted to the edge.


The memory module of the very old SDRAM standard is distinguished by the presence of two keys.

Number of slots for memory sticks and their operating mode

We also saw the number of slots intended for installing brackets in the program - I have 2 of them. If you open the lid of the computer case, you can see several characteristic one- or multi-colored connectors on the board. This is the place where the memory sticks are placed. There are 4 of them in the picture below.

The multicolored color tells us that the memory on this board can operate in two-channel mode- that is, at the same time the data is transferred from the controller to the processor or north bridge(depending on) through two channels, which increases the speed of data processing.

To activate this mode, you should purchase at least 2 strips and, as a rule, insert them into two same-color connectors. Which ones exactly? This is written in the instructions for the board and in different models colors may vary. If you buy 4 modules at once, then use all the slots at once.

You also need to take into account that if you currently have a total memory of 2 GB, like me, and you plan to increase it to 4 GB, then it is optimal to purchase 2 modules of 2 GB each rather than one 4 GB, since you can use them to the maximum in in two-channel mode.

It should also be noted here that when purchasing several modules, it is advisable to choose one manufacturer, or even better, take a ready-made kit (KIT) consisting of several strips at once - such a kit is guaranteed to work without problems.

Clock frequency

Another important indicator of memory is its clock frequency, which is measured in megahertz (MHz). The speed of information processing depends on it. When choosing a module, be sure to look at what frequency your processor officially supports. The model that was shown in the screenshot above works with PC3-12800 (DDR3 1600 MHz), PC3-10600 (DDR3 1333 MHz), PC3-8500 (DDR3 1066 MHz) memory. The same characteristics can be seen on online store websites in the detailed description of memory modules. For example, let's look at a gaming kit of 4 4 GB sticks Corsair XMS3 DDR-III DIMM 32Gb KIT 4*8Gb:

RAM Bandwidth

A parameter such as throughput also depends on the frequency, which shows how much data can be transferred maximum per certain time. It is measured in megabytes per second (MB/s) and is calculated by multiplying the frequency by 8. That is, in our example, the memory has a frequency of 1333 MHz * 8 = 10667 MB/s, which is also visible in the description.

The higher the bandwidth, the higher the speed of the RAM module. However, we take into account the fact that

modern processors support working with memory that has maximum frequency 1600 MHz.

If you buy an expensive stick with a higher frequency, it will work the same as a cheaper one at 1600 MHz.

Timing

Here we can also talk about such a characteristic as timing. This is the delay time when processing operations inside the RAM module chips themselves. The timing is recorded as a sequence of several numbers - in our example it is 9-9-9-24. The last 4th two-digit parameter characterizes the performance of the entire microcircuit as a whole.

Timing can also be indicated by the letters CL and a number, which indicates the first value in the detailed sequence. In our example, the short version would be designated as CL9.

The lower the timings, the better, but such modules also cost more. However, this only matters for high-performance, high-speed PCs—for home and office use, you can ignore this parameter.

Gamers can take advantage BIOS settings and manually play with changing the timings downward, but you need to do this carefully, otherwise you risk damaging the modules.

RAM for a laptop or desktop computer?

In theory, this is the first question that we should ask ourselves, but essentially it is not the most important, since it is simply impossible to confuse the form factor. For a laptop, the modules are wide and short, for a PC they are long and narrow.

On the websites in the characteristics they are indicated as follows:

  • DIMM- for PC,
  • SODIMM- for laptop.

Type of cooling of memory strips

If you are purchasing a RAM module for a powerful gaming computer, then you should pay attention to the type of cooling. During intensive work or “overclocking” by reducing the timings, they can heat up, so the work of the internal case fans may not be enough to cool them.

On simple strips there is no cooling at all - you will see open soldered microcircuit chips. On more expensive models, the most common type of cooling is installed - a metal radiator.

For the most avid gamers, they even came up with such a thing as water cooling— such modules together with the system can significantly exceed the cost of both the motherboard and processor combined.

Decoding the RAM module

Now let's decipher the name of the memory module presented in one of the popular online stores:

Crucial Ballistix Sport XT BLS2C4G3D18ADS3CEU DDR-III DIMM 8Gb KIT 2*4Gb PC3-14900 CL10

  • So, manufacturer Cruisal, the kit consists of 2 modules of 4 Gb each.
  • Memory standard DDR-III and form factor DIMM, that is, for a desktop PC.
  • Bandwidth - 14900 Mb/s
  • Timing - CL10
  • Frequency needed in in this case look in detailed specifications product, or calculate it yourself by dividing the throughput (14900) by 8.

Tips to follow when buying RAM

  • It is worth buying RAM from trusted manufacturers. The price of branded brands is much higher, but the quality guarantee and stable operation of the computer are worth it. Here is a list of verified companies: Corsair, Kingston, Kingmax, Transcend, OCZ, Hynix, Hyundai, Samsung.
  • RAM paired with a good quality chipset is the key to maximum performance, considering that the former has a maximum operating frequency.
  • Remember that RAM should always be paired. It is necessary that the modules match the operating frequency; modules installed with different frequencies work at the memory frequency, which is the slowest of those that you installed, or do not work together at all. For example, if you have two channels for RAM and one of the slots has a 2GB stick, then you need to purchase another module with the same capacity, timings and from the same manufacturer.
    And the best option is to buy a set of modules (Kit), which is guaranteed by the manufacturer that these strips are compatible
  • For gaming computers, preference should be given to RAM with the lowest time delays. Even at low frequencies, the memory always works at maximum efficiency.
  • Don't forget to make sure your motherboard, the processor and operating system are compatible with the amount of memory you select. If your computer system is 32-bit, then you should purchase a stick of no more than 4GB, since a 32-bit system sees up to 3GB of RAM.
  • When purchasing memory to increase existing RAM, it would be better to purchase a model whose characteristics are similar to the one installed in your computer. Purchasing a better or worse specification bar will lead to deterioration in computer performance.

In conclusion - detailed video on installing a memory module in a computer.

Hi all! When choosing a computer or, one of the important questions is how to choose RAM for a computer?

RAM is the main component of any computer, without which the computer would not even start. It can be characterized as the working part of the system, which contains temporary information, which, in turn, contributes to the rapid change of programs. The entire contents of RAM are stored until new information replaces it or the computer shuts down.

To choose the right memory you need to know its type and model. After all, the motherboard or processor cannot support all types of RAM. Therefore, all components of the system should not fail. Because the insufficient functioning of one of them leads to significant changes in the operation of the system. This is easy to identify, if the problem is not with the RAM - the computer will not even be able to turn on.

How to choose RAM?

1. Type of RAM: Memory comes in different types. For the right choice, check what memory your motherboard supports.

Here are some types of RAM:

DDR2 – Contains 240 pins, relatively low power consumption of 1.8 V, and a clock speed of over 1000 MHz.

DDR3 is a type of modern memory. This type has higher performance: it consumes energy at 1.5 V, and the frequency reaches almost 2500 MHz. This will undoubtedly ensure tremendous system response speed. Currently the best solution.

DDR4 is the newest type in computer technology. The highest rates are observed in this type. Initial frequency 2133 MHz. It is still quite expensive to build a computer using this memory, and the technology has only just begun to develop.

2. Memory capacity:

Memory capacity affects the capabilities of the system. The larger the memory capacity, the more memory can be stored in RAM. Of course, a high memory rating is better, as this will allow the system to run faster. If you need it for simple programs, then 2-4 GB of memory will be enough for your computer, but for modern games You need at least 4-8 GB.

3. Clock frequency:

The size of the RAM can be used to judge the speed of working with programs, files, applications, and so on. After all, this key indicator speed of response to current commands. The most optimal frequency is 1600 MHz (DDR 3).

But for an accurate choice, check the reviews of your processor. Which memory works best with it. And what frequency does your motherboard support? For example, for your intel processor i7, I chose 1866 MHz.

Each memory module consumes a certain amount energy. And over time, the indicators become lower and lower, although the power grows. After all, the lower the voltage, the less the device heats up. And when high temperature The device is unstable.

The voltage is distributed as follows:

DDR – from 2.2 V to 2.4 V.
- DDR2 – from 1.8 V to 2.1 V.
- DDR3 – from 1.4 V to 1.65 V.
- DDR4 – from 1.2 V to 1.35 V.

5. Timings (memory delays):

Memory accesses devices with certain delays and the smaller the delay, the faster the response. But the higher the frequency, the higher the delays. In some applications this will be good, but in others it will not. Therefore, my advice is to take the middle one, for example, like I did, 1866 MHz (provided that your processor supports it.)

6. Manufacturer:

At the moment there are so many of them that entering the market can make your head spin. But in fact there are not many of them, for example, most of the parts are supplied by Toshiba and Samsung, you simply may not know this. For example, how half of the iPhone parts are produced by Samsung, although their competitor...

But I advise you to take a closer look at the companies:

  • Crucial
  • Hynix
  • Kingston
  • Samsung
  • Corsair

Conclusion

RAM affects system responsiveness, content capacity, and more. The memory indicators presented above are not exhaustive, but will help you correctly determine your memory. In addition, do not forget that a lot depends on memory, since it is impossible to imagine a computer system without it. If these problems do not arise, then you are halfway to successfully purchasing a computer and memory, in particular.

Lastly, first select your motherboard and processor, and then look at reviews to see which memory modules work best with the selected devices. That's all good luck choosing RAM!

The question of choosing RAM for a computer arises immediately after purchasing a processor or video card. RAM is one of the main components of the system, without which it simply will not work. User demands are growing and forcing computer technology to develop. It seems quite recently for normal operation A few megabytes were enough, but today the number is already counting towards gigabytes. Demanding programs and even more power-hungry games require more and more RAM. So how to choose the right RAM for a computer or laptop in 2018? We will try to fully answer this pressing question in today’s article.

Before moving on to technical parameters, it is necessary to indicate what RAM is and why it is needed. Random Access Memory is a volatile part of a computer that stores executable program code as well as processor data during operation. Simply put, RAM serves as a kind of warehouse in which files are stored and await further delivery. When you turn off your computer, all data on it is erased. In common parlance it is often called “memory” and “RAM”.

Each executable program is first loaded into RAM, and only then implemented by the processor. If there is not enough memory, the application is loaded in parts. Therefore, the larger the amount of RAM, the faster the computer runs. This also includes the clock frequency, but more on that below. Without RAM, your laptop or computer simply will not turn on.

First of all

Choosing the right RAM is not just about buying a module with a huge capacity. First of all, you should take into account the processor model and type of RAM. Like many other system components, RAM modules are not universal. RAM modules are installed on the motherboard, which only supports certain types, about which we'll talk below. The processor, as you might guess, also works directly with the motherboard.

There is a constant relationship between these components. The failure of at least one of them disrupts the performance of the entire system. A processor that does not fit the socket to the motherboard will, of course, not work at all. But the RAM, if it fits the form factor (we’ll talk about them too), will most likely function. But there will be compatibility problems, and performance will remain low.

In order to choose the right RAM for a laptop or computer, the first thing you should do is visit the website of the motherboard manufacturer. Here you will find out the supported types and other important information.

After all the digressions, we will first talk about the types of RAM. It is this parameter that, first of all, users and sellers themselves pay attention to. Modern devices most often use the DDR SDRAM type. It is not only the most popular, but also effective. Manufacturers are constantly improving it. Recently installed everywhere DDR modules and DDR2. Today, they are only remembered by experienced, old PC users. They have been replaced by DDR3 RAM (clocked at up to 2400 MHz), which is more efficient. In 2018, DDR4 (operating at frequencies up to 4266 MHz) is gaining popularity.

To build a powerful gaming computer, we recommend choosing RAMDDR4. It is more promising, and the cost is not much more expensive than the previous generation. Please note that this type of memory requires an appropriate motherboard.

You can still find DDR2, and even DDR. They are not particularly in demand, and they are significantly more expensive than their modern brothers. It looks more profitable to purchase a new mother memory, for which you can buy the latest types of RAM.

Despite the growing popularityDDR4, still relevant memoryDDR3. If you are short on funds or performance is not important, then you can safely take the third generation RAM.

Another important parameter, which many users make the most important thing when choosing RAM. Like, the more, the better. Yes, we can agree with this, but with some reservations. Often, fans of modern games install memory modules in every free slot. But only a certain part of it is used, and the rest plays the role of ballast, for which you have to overpay.

The main component responsible for performance is the processor. RAM, as mentioned above, plays the role of storage executable files. As long as the total amount of RAM is not exceeded, everything works at full power. As soon as it is full, the system begins to use resources hard drive. Due to the specification of the hard drive, the speed of the computer is seriously degraded.

In general, you should choose the amount of RAM in 2018 based on the intensity with which you load your personal computer or laptop. Keep in mind that modern operating systems require about 1 GB for personal requests.

  • 2-4 GB. This amount of RAM is recommended for budget systems. To watch movies, work with documents and surf the Internet, 2 GB is enough, but 4 GB is recommended.
  • 4-8 GB. For universal computer in most cases 4 GB is enough. If you like to game and use resource-intensive programs, we recommend installing 8 GB of RAM.
  • 16 GB. Today, this amount of RAM is enough for a gaming computer. Buying more only makes sense for some games that will be released in the near future.
  • 32 GB or more. This volume is intended for specialized systems. However, much depends on the tasks the machine is aimed at.

Surveys and tests show that today 8 GB of RAM is enough for users. And few games require more volume. It makes sense to acquire memory for the future, but with some nuances. Most likely, before you use all the capacity, the processor will become obsolete. As we have already established, RAM does not work with every “stone”, which will entail a possible replacement of modules.

Keep in mind that 32-bit operating systems see only 3.5 GB, and the rest of the volume will simply not be visible. 64-bit versions do not suffer from this problem.

RAM characteristics

In addition to type and capacity, RAM has several other characteristics that directly affect its performance. The most important of them are frequency and timings. Of course, average users do not have to take them into account, but fans computer games it won't be superfluous.

The speed of the RAM depends on this parameter. It is logical that the higher it is, the faster system. Before choosing RAM, make sure at what frequency the motherboard and computer operate. No, differences in values ​​do not mean that the RAM will not start. The RAM will work, but its frequencies will be reduced. It turns out that you will simply overpay for them.

With motherboards the situation is quite simple. Budget solutions in 2018 support frequencies up to 2000 MHz. Middle class and solutions for assembling gaming computers – 3000 MHz. You can find out the supported frequency of the motherboard on the manufacturer’s website or using special software.

With processors it’s a little more complicated and varied. Budget “stones” for DDR3 operate at frequencies up to 1333 MHz. Middle class - 1600 MHz. Gaming powerful processors can operate at frequencies up to 1866 MHz. Modern chips have received support for fourth generation RAM. They operate at frequencies up to 2133 MHz. You can find out what frequency your processor has on the manufacturer’s website or simply enter its name in a search engine.

High Frequency Memory

Attentive readers will have noticed that in the section “Types of RAM” it is indicated: DDR3 up to 2400 MHz, DDR4 up to 4266 MHz. Yes, there is RAM on sale and with such frequency. How can this be if the processor supports lower values?

It's all about eXtreme Memory Profile technology. It was developed by Intel and is used in many of its products. Its peculiarity is that it allows RAM to operate at a real frequency.

Please note that technologyXMP must be supported by both the processor and motherboard. Without this technology, there is no point in choosing RAM for a computer with high frequencies. Processors and motherboards withXMP are more expensive than regular representatives and belong to the middle/high segment.

How is this possible? A motherboard with technology can increase the speed of the memory bus, which is responsible for data transfer. This way, high-frequency RAM can operate at its maximum.

AMD also has a similar technology, called AMP for short. The essence of the work is approximately the same. AMP is used in expensive solutions, usually aimed at assembling gaming computers.

Does it make sense to spend money on high-speed RAM and a motherboard with supportXMP? Eat. If you are building the most powerful PC for gaming or professional tasks, in which, in addition to an expensive motherboard and RAM, top-level hardware will be installed. For a middle-class computer, and especially a budget one, that does not have a powerful video card and processor, this is rather a waste of money.

Now let's go through them a little. What is this? Timings are usually called delays between various operations in RAM. Let us immediately note the obvious pattern: the lower the delay, the better. This is true and few would argue. But in 2018, timings do not have a particular impact on the speed of RAM. In this regard, frequency is still more significant.

The timings are indicated on the memory modules. The higher the frequency, the higher the delay.

Timing is indicated by the letters CL and a series of numbers. When choosing RAM, you should pay attention to the first digit. For DDR3 with a low frequency, the normal value is 9. For high frequencies - up to 11. For DDR4, this figure can reach up to 16.

It is not recommended to buy RAM with high timing. It may have problems with performance and performance. As a rule, RAM with low timings costs more, but not much.

Supply voltage

An important point that many users forget about or simply don’t know. Those who buy additional RAM to expand the capacity especially suffer. They bring it home, but she refuses to work. Often, after such attempts, it fails altogether. In the end it turns out that two modules with different voltages were installed. Yes, dear reader, RAM also varies in voltage.

The motherboard into which the RAM is installed cannot provide different voltage different modules. If it is set in accordance with the lower voltage bar, it is observed unstable work systems. If it is set according to the RAM bar of a higher voltage, then the module with the lower one may fail.

Choose RAM for your computer with the same voltage to avoid problems.

The standard voltage for different types is as follows:

  • 5 V – DDR
  • 8 V – DDR2
  • 5 V – DDR3
  • 35 V – DDR3L (this is not a separate type, but a subtype that operates at a lower voltage)
  • 1.2 V – DDR4

Please note that only standard voltages are shown. Many manufacturers of RAM sticks for laptops and computers provide excellent product.

A little about the design of the modules

The differences in computer RAM can be seen in the modules themselves. Appearance has no practical significance for most users, so you shouldn’t bother in this regard. In general, RAM sticks can be divided into single-sided and double-sided. It is assumed that the memory chips are soldered on one or both sides. If you are collecting new computer– choose any RAM modules. But in the case of adding memory to the existing one, preference should be given to similar modules. This will protect the computer's RAM from unstable operation and possible errors.

In 2018, RAM with radiators for cooling gained popularity. They are installed on strips with high frequency, which get very hot during operation. They cost more than regular representatives. They may be interesting only when assembling a gaming computer. In this case, special attention should be paid to ventilation of the system unit itself. As practice shows, the average user does not need them - a waste of money.

Memory operating modes

I think it will be interesting for many readers to hear about the modes in which the computer’s RAM operates. This point is very important, especially for powerful PCs. There are four modes in total:

  • Single channel
  • Dual channel
  • Three-channel
  • Four channel

Single-channel mode has long been outdated and is found only in the first and second generations of RAM. It works by writing data sequentially to each module. Multichannel modes are more effective in this regard. They write in parallel to all RAM modules. As you might guess, the performance of the system increases significantly.

Again, support for operating modes directly depends on the motherboard. Modern models have a dual-channel mode. Three-channel and four-channel are quite rare, only in very expensive motherboards.

There is another nuance. Dual Channel Modes work only when using two or four sticks of RAM. Three-channel - three or six, four-channel - four or eight.

It is recommended to use identical RAM modules. Otherwise, performance in multi-channel mode is not guaranteed. If you have a desire to overclock your old PC by adding a bracket for dual-channel mode, then find identical module. It’s better to sell the old one and buy two new strips.

I’ll say right away that it differs only in one thing – size. RAM for a laptop is slightly smaller and is labeled SO-DIMM DDR. There are the same types as for a desktop computer. It does not differ in frequency, timings, or voltage.

It is worth considering that laptops most often have 1 or 2 slots for installing RAM. Moreover, with serious restrictions on volume. Before choosing RAM for a laptop, you should check the specifications of the model.

We haven't forgotten about RAM manufacturers either. There are a great variety of them on the market. Many users find this variety confusing, so we have selected several of the most popular and high-quality brands.

  • Crucial. In 2018, RAM from this company is chosen by the majority of users. Excellent price/quality ratio. Offers models for both the budget and gaming segments.
  • Corsair. They produce excellent RAM modules, but the cost is significantly higher than their closest competitors.
  • Goodram. Inexpensive RAM alternative from Corsair. It works quickly, without delays, and is inexpensive.
  • AMD, Transcend, Patriot. These manufacturers can be put on the same line. They produce good RAM modules for affordable price. However, only budget models are in demand.
  • Hynix, Samsung. Companies occupying leading positions among manufacturers of RAM modules. In 2018, the markets lost a little weight, due to counterfeits. You should choose RAM from Hynix and Samsung carefully so as not to run into a Chinese copy.
  • Skill, Geil, Team. I am sure that many readers are not familiar with these companies. They will appeal to fans of overclocking RAM. They are inexpensive and the quality is high.
  • Kingston. Produces cheap models. They do not shine with special quality, so RAM strips often fail.

The main rule: try not to purchase RAM from unknown manufacturers. First, study reviews of its products on the relevant forums.

The computer is universal device, on which you can perform a huge number of tasks. Some users use its capabilities for studying, others prefer to watch movies on a PC, and still others require powerful “machines” for games and professional activities. In each of these cases, you need to know how to choose the right RAM for a personal computer or laptop. Productivity and speed largely depend on this component. assembled system. In this article, we will figure out which memory is best to buy depending on your needs and what you should pay attention to first.

Budget and memory requirements

Memory available on the market for a computer or laptop varies greatly in cost. The price of the planks is influenced by a huge number of parameters, including additional features such as radiators or customizable RGB backlighting. As for the requirements, they depend on whether you are collecting new system or modernize the existing one. For example, if you decide to add RAM to a computer or laptop, you will need to select sticks whose characteristics correspond to the parameters of the RAM installed in the PC. Experts often recommend even choosing the same manufacturer, but it is not necessary to follow this rule.

Criteria for choosing RAM

When planning to add memory to an existing PC or wanting to purchase RAM for a new computer, you will definitely encounter a number of important criteria. Among them, the most important are frequency and timings. Also, the performance of the system is affected by the volume and number of strips included in the kit. Additional features RAM usually does not provide practical benefits for the average user. So the backlight will be suitable mainly for gaming PCs, where a similar feature is implemented in other components. Radiators, which were also mentioned above, may be required only for high-frequency RAM and compact assemblies, where there may be problems with high-quality ventilation of the case.

Memory types

Usually it is necessary to select memory for the motherboard. There are 4 of them in total: outdated DDR and DDR2, DDR3 still retains its popularity, capable of operating at frequencies up to 2400 MHz, as well as the most modern DDR4, the theoretical maximum of which is 4266 MHz.

Despite the fact that some stores still have stocks of DDR2 sticks, it is almost impossible to find a motherboard for this type of RAM on sale. Only used versions of such boards are available on the market, and new devices have not been produced by manufacturers for a long time.

For the remaining two types, motherboards are offered in a wide range. But for a gaming computer it is better to choose DDR4 RAM, because the new Ryzen processors from AMD and Coffee Lake from Intel, capable of unlocking their full potential modern projects, no longer support DDR3.

However, you will not be able to install the wrong RAM into your computer, because they are incompatible with each other due to the different number and arrangement of contacts. For this reason, boards with slots for DDR4 sticks do not support DDR3 and vice versa.

The exception is motherboards, where it is possible to install DDR3 and DDR4 memory simultaneously. However, such solutions are rare and there is no point in buying them, because in terms of price, both types of strips differ only slightly from each other, when in terms of parameters DDR4 is many times superior to its predecessor.

When purchasing memory for office computer You can choose the DDR3 type. If you are building a powerful gaming PC, then to avoid frame loss, purchase DDR4 sticks.

Volume


Deciding how much memory modules to choose should be based on the tasks that will be performed on the computer. Thus, office systems aimed at working with text and surfing the Internet can be equipped with 2-4 GB. A capacity of 4 to 8 GB must be installed in multimedia and basic computers for games. But the powerful ones gaming machines should be equipped with 16-32 GB of RAM. This amount of RAM is now enough for any modern project.

If you plan to take a larger amount of RAM for your computer, then this will be justified in two cases: reserve for the future or specialized tasks. It is likely that in 2-3 years there will already be games that will require 24 or more RAM for stable operation at high temperatures. graphic settings. If during this or a longer period you will not update your PC, then you can immediately take the appropriate brackets. Also, 32 or more gigabytes of RAM will be required to run professional programs.

You also need to take into account the bit depth and version of the system that is installed on your computer. So 32-bit Windows will not see more than 4 GB of RAM, and if we are talking about Windows 7 Starter, then it can only work with 2 gigabytes. At the same time, 64-bit OSes use approximately twice as much RAM for their needs, which also needs to be taken into account when assembling the system.

The maximum version of Windows 7 can work with 192 gigabytes of RAM, and professional Windows versions 8 and 10 already support up to 512 GB. You can find out exact information about the amount of RAM that can be installed in your system on the official Microsoft website.

If you install on your computer more memory, which is supported by the operating system installed on it, then the “extra” volume simply will not be used.

Which frequency to choose

As is the case with processors or graphics adapters, the frequency of the RAM determines its performance. The higher this indicator, the better performance PC will show. However, you should not immediately run for the most advanced RAM that is in the store. Before purchasing, you need to make sure that the selected option is supported by the motherboard and processor.

Of course, if you buy memory with better performance than what your hardware can deliver, then there will be nothing wrong with that. When installing such strips into a computer, they will simply start operating at the maximum frequency supported by the system. But the disadvantage in this case will be higher costs, because a good 3000 MHz RAM will cost more than its 2400 MHz counterpart from the same series.

Again, look for strips whose frequency matches maximum values, supported by your computer, is also not worth it. Enough for office tasks simple models at 1333 MHz (DDR3) or at 2133 MHz (DDR4). A balanced solution for a wide range of tasks will be RAM with a frequency of 2400 or 2666 MHz. But advanced gaming PCs and professional builds are better equipped with RAM of 3000-3600 MHz or more.

Developed by the company Intel technology XMP and its AMD counterpart called AMP allow high-frequency RAM to operate at its maximum capabilities even if the stated frequency is not supported by the processor. However, this technology must be implemented not only in the “stone” itself, but also in the motherboard, which automatically raises its price.

Timings


This parameter is indicated in the characteristics by a number-alphabetic (for example, CL15) or numeric (15-17-17-35) designation. In both the first and second cases we are talking about the RAM delay between execution various operations. If you want to choose the right RAM, then you definitely need to pay special attention to this parameter, because with high timings and high frequency you'll get about the same performance as low-clock RAM with little latency.

For DDR3 type, excellent timings would be CL9, and in slower models that are popular on the market, this parameter is CL11. Standard latencies in DDR4 sticks are CL15, and in cheaper memory modules you can see CL16 or CL17 timings. For of this type RAM can also be found with lower latencies, but they are extremely rare on sale.

Note. The CL designation corresponds to the first number in a block of numbers. So the above numerical designation of timings 15-17-17-35 can be written as CL15.

Important! It is not recommended to buy RAM with high timings. Based on reviews of such memory on forums, you can understand that it is characterized by poor performance and significantly impairs the performance of the PC.

Operating modes


Many users forget that not only the choice of the amount of RAM is important, but also the number of sticks from which it is assembled. This is due to the fact that in modern computers RAM operates in multi-channel mode, which significantly increases system performance in professional applications, demanding games and other tasks. When installing one 16 GB memory module into a computer or laptop, you will get worse performance than choosing a pair of 8 GB sticks.

In total, today there are 4 operating modes of RAM:

  1. Single channel.
  2. Dual channel.
  3. Three-channel.
  4. Four-channel.

The first one is considered obsolete and is only present in older PCs. Its essence lies in the fact that all data is written sequentially to each module, regardless of their total quantity. Modern computers can operate in this mode if the user has installed only one stick of RAM.

Most released for recent years The motherboard operates in dual-channel mode. However, boards with support for three- and four-channel configurations are also offered for sale. However, the cost of such models is quite high, and the advantage of the indicated modes is not always noticeable.

It should be taken into account that the two-channel mode works when using 2 or 4 memory sticks, the three-channel mode – 3 or 6, and the four-channel mode – 4 or 8. Another important nuance is the need to install modules with similar volume, frequency, timings and other parameters.

However, if the characteristics of the strips do not match, then this will not affect the performance (except for voltage). At different frequencies the system will be able to operate at the frequency of the slowest module. A similar rule applies to timings. If the volumes do not match on the PC, the multi-channel mode simply will not work.

The Flex option is also worth noting. It allows you to deviate from this rule and use memory sticks of different sizes for dual-channel mode. In this case, the matching volumes will be used in dual-channel mode, and the remaining volume will be used in single-channel mode. For example, when choosing modules of 8 and 4 GB, 4 gigabytes from each strip will operate in dual-channel mode, while the remaining 4 GB from the first module can operate in single-channel mode.

When purchasing, you need to take into account that one RAM module will cost a little less than a set of sticks with similar parameters and the same total volume. However, purchasing all the planks separately from each other will cost you a significantly larger amount. Therefore, if you have enough budget, it is better to immediately purchase a kit of the required volume.

Important! Flex Mode is not supported by all motherboards, so before selecting RAM for expansion, you should read the instructions for your board.

Form factor


Also among the characteristics of memory modules, the form factor is important for users. It comes in DIMM or SO-DIMM. The first are standard strips for PCs, which, depending on the type, can have from 168 to 240 contacts. The SO-DIMM form factor stands for memory for laptops or computers small sizes whose motherboards are in Mini-ITX format. These strips contain from 72 to 200 contacts.

Supply voltage

This characteristic is especially important when choosing an additional memory stick for a PC or laptop. Despite the fact that most modern sticks operate at standard voltage (2.5V for DDR, 1.8V – DDR2, 1.5V – DDR3, 1.2V – DDR4), solutions for enthusiasts with increased nutrition and models with reduced. Install incompatible software on your PC this parameter The RAM is strictly prohibited, because unstable operation of the RAM is possible (if the RAM does not receive enough voltage) or even failure (if the RAM is supplied with more power than it requires for operation).

Before purchasing an additional RAM module for your computer, first make sure that the power it requires matches the voltage of the RAM installed in your PC.

Decoding RAM markings


To mark strips of any type, standard designations are used, including the letters PC and a number indicating the transfer speed in Mb/s (bandwidth). But navigate them to the average user not very convenient, because it is much more convenient to know the frequency and timings.

Usually the seller indicates all the information about the memory, but if you are looking for a used RAM on an advertisement site, then inexperienced user It may well indicate something like PC2-8500. This means that we have DDR2 RAM with a frequency of 1066 MHz and CL5 timings.

DDR3 strips are designated PC3:

  • 10600 – 1333 MHz;
  • 12800 – 1600 MHz;
  • 14400 – 1866 MHz;
  • 16000 – 2000 MHz.

In the first case, the timings are CL9, and in the other three, CL11.

DDR4 strips are marked, respectively, PC4:

  • 17000 – 2133 MHz;
  • 19200 – 2400 MHz;
  • 21300 – 2666 MHz;
  • 24000 – 3000 MHz;
  • 25600 – 3200 MHz.

For the first type of memory, the latency is usually CL15, and for the others - CL16.

Which brand of RAM modules should I buy?


When talking about which RAM to choose, it is also necessary to mention its manufacturers. This market has its own undisputed leaders, who have extensive experience and have factories equipped with the latest technology. Famous brands guarantee that the planks you purchase will be able to serve without breakdowns or failures for many years. If you want to get RAM high quality and have a sufficient amount of funds, then you should take a closer look at the following popular manufacturers of RAM modules:

  1. Kingston.
  2. Crucial.
  3. Corsair.
  4. G.Skill.
  5. GOODRAM.

With a limited amount of money allocated for RAM, excellent choice There will also be budget companies such as Team Group and AMD, offering an excellent price-quality ratio for their memory.

Try to avoid little-known and inexperienced RAM manufacturers, even if they offer a very “tasty” price. Also, read reviews about the memory kits you are interested in before purchasing them.

Conclusion

Modern PCs can perform a huge number of tasks, from processing photos and playing movies, to running modern games and demanding graphics programs. And if simple tasks can be performed on simple hardware, then “heavy” applications require a powerful processor, modern video card and, of course, fast RAM. You can choose for your computer thanks to our detailed recommendations. If you still have any questions, we will always be happy to answer them. Happy shopping!

The choice of RAM depends on many different factors. First of all, you should understand for what purposes the computer will be used and what programs, applications or games it will have to work with.

When you decide to upgrade your computer's RAM, you are faced with one of two tasks: either you need to increase the amount of RAM you already have, or you need to make the RAM itself work faster.

We can increase the amount of RAM by installing an additional RAM module or replacing previously installed ones with modules with larger capacity. However, with such a replacement, some important circumstances must be taken into account.

When you are faced with the question - which RAM to choose? It is important to remember that RAM works together with the central processor, therefore, the higher the speed of data exchange between them, the higher the performance of your entire system will be. Moreover, the default speed of the processor is much higher than the speed of the RAM, which means we must make the memory work at maximum performance.

We will give some tips on how to choose the right RAM, and before that we will introduce you to the main parameters and characteristics that you should pay attention to before buying a new RAM.

Selecting the amount of RAM

Volume/capacity (measured in gigabytes) is a parameter that indicates the physical volume of the memory module, that is, the space for storing information. The basic rule that you should follow when choosing a certain amount of RAM is the system requirements and recommendations provided by the manufacturers of the software that you are going to install on your computer.

It will be very useful to make a rough list of programs, and be sure to take into account the type of operating system you are going to install when compiling. Next on the list, you should highlight the peak (upper values ​​of the recommended and minimum volumes memory). RAM should always be installed with a reserve, and the recommended system requirements should be lower than the amount of your RAM.

Next, we will offer you the optimal amount of RAM for your home computer, depending on your usage needs. A capacity of 2 GB will be quite sufficient for an office computer. 4 GB is the average optimal volume for a multimedia computer. From 4 GB and above – sufficient for avid gamers or for people involved in graphics or video processing.

An important point is that RAM operating in dual-channel mode, using two sticks at the same time, will always work faster than using one or three. Likewise, on a three-channel system it would be more appropriate to install three or six sticks of RAM.

Clock speed is an important characteristic when choosing RAM

Clock speed/frequency (measured in megahertz) is an indicator operating frequency RAM module, that is, the frequency with which the central processor and RAM exchange data. This indicator depends on the type of memory (which will be mentioned below), however, RAM of the same type has different clock speeds, which you should definitely pay attention to before choosing RAM. Then everything is simple - from two modules with the same volume, you should choose the one with a higher clock frequency.

At the same time, be sure to take into account the fact that if you choose a memory stick to complement the existing one, then new module should be chosen with the same frequency as already installed RAM. The point here is that the system selects the lowest frequency of the two proposed for operation. Therefore, by installing a module with a lower frequency, we will, on the contrary, slow down the operation of the computer. And vice versa, by installing a module with a higher frequency, we will not get any improvements in the operation of the system.

RAM type

Type– at the moment the market is represented by the following types of memory: DDR, DDR2 and DDR3.

DDR is considered obsolete today and is not used almost anywhere except in old computers. This module has 184 pins and its standard supply voltage is 2.5 V.

The most common type today is DDR2. Unlike the previous type, which fetches 2 bits of data per clock cycle, DDR2 fetches 4 bits of information per clock cycle. DDR2 has 240 pins and a supply voltage of 1.8 V.

DDR3- New type RAM. It allows you to sample 8 bits of information in one working cycle. It, like the previous generation of modules, has 240 contacts, but the supply voltage is lower and is only 1.5 V. This allows you to reduce energy consumption by up to 40% compared to the energy consumption of DDR2. This indicator is very useful for mobile systems and laptops.

Before choosing RAM, you should first determine the type of memory supported by your motherboard. Moreover, modules of different types have different form factors, so a module of one type cannot be installed in a slot intended for another. This precisely protects the motherboard from accidental damage due to insufficient education in matters of completing computer components.

Latency/timings

Latency/timing’s – time delay of signals that is necessary to execute a particular command (zeroing, writing, rewriting, etc.) Before deciding which RAM to choose, you need to find out the timings on each of the proposed RAM. Then, using the “less is better” principle, choose the one that has the lowest delays.

However, you should definitely take into account that a memory module with a high clock speed often has higher latencies than RAM with low clock speeds. Therefore, here everyone decides for himself what is more important to him.

Depending on the application, we will have different performance gains. In some it will increase due to lower delays, in others, on the contrary, due to a higher clock frequency. That is, it is better to find a compromise solution and purchase a medium module with standard latency, even if it is not fast, but you will save money and also get stable operation of the system.

Choosing a RAM manufacturer

Manufacturer/brand – at the moment the choice of RAM is quite difficult task, since this market segment is represented by a huge number of manufacturers. Therefore, as in matters of purchasing other personal computer components, the choice should be made on those manufacturers who have been on the computer components market for more than one year and who have proven themselves to be excellent in the past. Among them, we highlight the following manufacturers: Transcend, Samsung, Kingston, Corsar, OCZ Technology, Hynix, Hyndai, Patriot and others.

Of course, choosing a specific memory module is based on your personal needs and goals. Thus, almost every manufacturer has “overclocked” RAMs, which have an increased operating frequency and increased supply voltage, which results in greater heat generation. To dissipate this excess heat, these types of modules are additionally equipped with radiators.

Never waste money on purchasing RAM from unknown manufacturers. There is a risk of saving money, but ultimately resulting in system instability, and, in addition, significantly reducing computer performance.

So, let’s summarize and once again note for ourselves those parameters that you should pay attention to before choosing RAM: its volume (selected in accordance with the expected tasks that your system will have to cope with), type of RAM, clock frequency ( depends on the type), latency (delay time), and, of course, the manufacturer.

Not sure which RAM to choose? Can't determine the type of RAM your motherboard supports? Not sure what amount of RAM will best suit your needs? Our specialists will always help you with your choice. In addition, you can order installation of new RAM from us system unit or laptop (netbook).

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