What is a domain and what is it for? In simple words, what is a domain name and where to get it?

In one of the lessons I talked about what a domain name is and how to get one. I told him in passing, just to get at least some idea. But this topic requires a more detailed analysis. This is really important!

A domain is a website address. This is a unique name on the Internet, which, when opened, will open a specific website.

For example, the Internet resource you are currently on has the following address: website

That is, the site is the domain name of our site. By typing it, only our site will open and no other.

How to find out a domain name

To find out the domain name, that is, the address of a particular Internet resource, you need to look at the address bar of your browser when the site is open.

For example, I opened the Yandex website. To find out its domain name, that is, its exact address, you need to look in the address bar. This is what my browser's address bar looks like:

And here is the Yandex address. In my browser it is highlighted in a darker color:

That is, his address is yandex.ru

And here is the domain name of the Google site:

There is always a prefix before the domain name. That is, some kind of introductory part. Most often this is part http:// or https://

In fact, www is an abbreviation. This part of the address is correctly written http://www.

That is, the full address of the Yandex website looks like this: https://www.yandex.ru

In principle, this is the same thing with or without www. We can say that this is the same address, just in two different spellings.

With these different address spellings (“without www” and “with www”), there are certain nuances that professionals in the field of website creation and promotion need to know about. But we won’t go deeper into this.

How to find out the address of a specific page on a website

Since a site is a set of pages, which, in turn, are sorted into sections (categories, headings), each page also has its own address. It is written immediately after the domain name and is separated from it by a slash (/).

In the classic view, there should be a .html or .htm part at the end of the address of each page, and it should consist exclusively of letters of the Latin alphabet. Instead of spaces, you need to use an underscore or a hyphen, and you can also use numbers.

But now this is no longer so relevant, since the Internet in general and search engines in particular understand a wide variety of addresses. Therefore, site pages can have Russian names, and include some characters, and be without any “tail” at all (without html, htm, php or anything else).

In order to find out the address of a specific page on a site, you also need to look at the address bar of your browser when the page is open. For example, this is what you will see if you look at the browser line right now:

The page address is located immediately after the domain name and is separated from it by a slash (/). That is, the address of the page you are currently on is domennoe_imya.html

Since now most sites are “created” on control systems (engines), page addresses are formed by these very systems. And in principle, it is not so important what they are: alphabetic, numeric, with different symbols, with or without a “tail”.

It is also not at all necessary that the address of a particular page reflect its content. This was important before, but now it has practically no meaning.

What are domain names?

A domain name consists of two parts: the name itself and the domain zone.

The name itself is a word or several words that the site owner comes up with independently.

For example, our website has the address site . The word neumeka is what I wanted to name the site. That is, I came up with this word and registered such a domain.

A domain zone is a “tail” in the form of a dot with some set of letters. In my case this is a ponytail .ru

There are not just many domain zones, but very, very many. And there are more and more of them. You can talk for a long time about what they are and the principle of their formation. But it’s better not to bother your bright head with this.

What you really need to know is that there are different levels of domains. The easiest way to explain it is this: there are domains with one dot after the name and with several.

With one dot, this is the address of our website:

With several dots - these are addresses that end in .od.am or moy.su and the like.

As a rule, such names are distributed free of charge by other sites (systems). For example, in the lesson “How to make a website for free” I talked about online designers. Let me remind you that these are systems with which you can get your own website completely free of charge and without much difficulty. So these systems give free domain names with several dots.

Typically domain names consist only of Latin letters, without spaces. But there are also exceptions. For example, Cyrillic domain zones: rf, moscow, online, site, rus and others. In this case, the entire site address will be in Russian (except for the http:// prefix).

You can also use numbers and hyphens in your name.

Choosing a name for your site

The first thing to remember: no free domain names. By choosing such a name, you will ruin your site.

The second thing you need is to decide on the domain zone. As I already said, there are a lot of them. Let's look at this in more detail.

Domain zone

There are domain zones that have been in use for a long time. For example, com, net, org.

There are special areas for sites on certain topics. Example: gov (government), mil (military), edu (educational).

Available for sites of certain countries (regions): ru, by, kz and so on.

There are new domain zones for every taste. For example, shop, sport, moscow.

Of course, it's up to you to decide. But when choosing a zone, it makes sense to listen to the advice of professionals:

It is better not to register names of the third level, that is, with two “tails” (ru.com, org.am, etc.).

The exception is the domain zone com.ua - this zone is for Ukrainian sites.

If your site is targeted at residents of a certain country, then it is better to register the name in the national domain zone.

For example, you want to create a website for a company that provides services in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). This means that the name for this site must be chosen with a “tail” .by

If you are creating an international website, without regional affiliation, then it is better to register the domain in the com zone.

For example, you are creating an information site about smartphones in English. That is, visitors to this site will not be from Russia, but from other countries. This means you need to choose a name with a tail.com

If you are creating a website in Russian, without regional affiliation, then it is better to register the domain in the ru zone.

For example, our website. Its visitors are Russian-speaking residents of different countries. Therefore, it is located in the ru zone

Name for the site

Let's say you have decided on a zone. Now you need to choose a name for the site, that is, some word or several words that will be its address.

In fact, it doesn't matter what it is. The main thing is that it is. It’s like with a phone number: it’s not so important what it is, the main thing is that it is there.

But it’s still better if the name is short, easy to remember, without numbers or hyphens, and reflects the essence of the site. But since each name is unique, that is, it can only belong to one site, there are few such short beautiful names left. You have to use your wits.

The principle is as follows: go to the domain name registrar website and select an address.

It doesn’t matter which registrar’s website you go to - there are very, very many of them. The base is the same for all, only the prices and ease of selection differ. Don’t look at the prices, since you will be buying a domain on another site (with the most affordable prices), the main thing is convenience.

For example, you can choose an address for the site here.

Let your imagination run wild. If the selected word is taken, add a few letters to it. In general, try to choose a name that is pleasant to both the ear and the eye.

Imagine how it will be written on a business card. Will a person be able to accurately type it by ear (for example, if the address is dictated over the phone).

Checking the domain name

Let's say you have chosen an address for your website. It suits you, and you are ready to buy it. But you should check this name before purchasing.

The fact is that the Internet has existed for a very long time, and along with it, domain names have existed for just as long. Every day thousands of different sites appear on the Internet and thousands close down.

Each of them has its own name. This name needs to be renewed. That is, the name is not bought forever, but for a certain period, for example, a year.

So, when a site closes and its name is not renewed, after a while it becomes free. As a result, anyone will be able to register it, that is, buy it for their website.

Everything would be fine, but by buying such an address, you can say that you are taking away its past. Search engines Yandex, Google and others know and remember the history of each name. And sometimes this “cargo” can be very difficult to get rid of.

For example, you chose a beautiful address, but previously there was a site with prohibited information on it. For search engines, such an address is marked as “bad”, and they ignore it. By purchasing such a name for your site, it becomes invisible to search engines.

Or, let’s say you have a website dedicated to aquarium fish. You buy a name for it that used to belong to an online store selling TVs. Since search engines remember that TVs used to be sold at this address, you may have difficulty promoting information about fish.

Verification methods

There are several ways to verify a name. You can find out if it was once used and see what site was previously at this address.

Unfortunately, there is no way to know the “score” that search engines gave this site. Even if it looked decent and didn't have anything illegal on it, the address could get a black mark.

Unfortunately, there is no way to check this. Usually such things are learned after purchasing and attaching a new site.

So, method number one: we check whether the name has been registered by someone before.

For addresses in any domain zone. We check on the website whois.domaintools.com.

We type the domain name we want to check (in full) and click on the “Lookup” button.

If there are no entries, then everything is fine. This means that this address never belonged to anyone.

If there is a “Whois History” item with a certain number of records, then it means that this address already belonged to someone.

For addresses in the ru, su, rf zone. Such addresses can also be checked using the previous method, but more complete information can be obtained on the website whoishistory.ru.

However, to do this you need to register, confirm your registration by email, and log in.

After this, enter the domain that you want to check without a domain zone - you need to select it in a separate window. Check "Exact Match" and then "All WHOIS History" with a dot. After that, select some very old date (year two thousand) in the “Registration date (created)” field - “from”. And in the “to” field is today. Then click on the “Find” button.

If there are no entries, it means that this address has not been used before.

If any record is found, this means that the name has already been registered to someone before. There you can also see more detailed information (when, to whom, etc.).

Method number two: we check whether there was a site at this address before.

This is the registrar through which I personally have been ordering and renewing addresses for websites for many years. So far there have been no problems.

Hello to all readers of my blog!

If you are reading this article, then perhaps you have already come to the period when you need to create your own blog? Where does a blog start? From the domain, of course! So let’s discuss this topic: “What is a website domain name » so that you don’t have any gaps in this matter! After all, the future administrator of a web resource must be competent in these concepts!

In this article we will address the following questions:

• IP address.
• About the domain name in simple terms.
• Domain zone.
• Domain name levels.
• Where and how much do you buy domains?
• Brief conclusions.

IP address

What does an IP address mean? Let's look at an example. Do you have a passport? Eat. Fine. Your details are recorded there: first and last name? But the passport has its own number (and series), by which the passport service can find out your full name. Similarly, on the Internet, any point (server, computer, smartphone and your blog) has an IP address - its own unique number.

How to find out the IP address of your blog? Let's, for example, determine the IP of Yandex. Let's come here www.cy-pr.com, enter “yandex.ru” into the blank field and press “Enter”. After reloading the page, we observe the data of this resource, among which its IP is visible.

We get Yandex IP: 93.158.134.3. Now check your blog's IP! Did it work? Wonderful!

These addresses are managed by special web resources - the management of the address space of the web, of which there are five in the world:

• ARIN – North America;
• LACNIC - South America;
• APNIC – Southeast Asia;
• RIPE NCC - Rest of Asia and Europe;
• AfriNIC – Africa;

But such numbers 93.158.134.3 are difficult to remember. That's why they came up with domain names.

About the domain name in simple terms

Domain name - this is a more convenient version of the IP address, i.e. you can access any web resource by IP and domain name.

Let me give you an analogy again:

1. Each store in your city can be found by its address. Right?

A blog on the Internet can also be found by IP address.

Note. Although this was true in the early years of the Internet. Now technology is moving forward, the situation is changing and not everything remains in its original form. There are many "buts". The IP entry site may not open due to the fact that many of them are on shared hosting. Virtual hosting technology allows you to host several websites on one IP.

2. In addition, any store can be found by name. Is it true?

You can also find a website by its name, or rather by domain name, by entering it into the address bar of your browser.

Of course, in a big city this can be problematic, and names can be repeated. But this is just an example! Therefore, let's assume the ideal scenario that all stores have unique names, and every taxi driver knows any of the stores you need by name. Agreed?

Domain names are served by a Domain Name System server system, which contains all the necessary information about them. It also converts the IP address into a registered site name.

The main DNS database contains information about the owner and registration date of the domain name, as well as the IP.

The unified Internet directory is located in an organization located in the United States. It's called SRI International - Menlo Park.

The domain may contain letters, numbers and symbols

But not all letters and symbols can be used. At the dawn of the creation of the web network, only Latin letters could be used, because... she came from America. Today you can also give a name in Russian letters: adverts.com.rf. The symbols used are the dash and the underscore. Spaces are inappropriate here!

Specifically, on this blog the domain name is “int-net-partner”.

Registering this name costs money. Which ones? Small: now this can be done for 300-700 rubles. per year. But there is also much cheaper - 99 rubles, but read about that below.

Domain zone

A domain zone is also a domain name. It combines other lower level names. Confused? I'll explain now.

Here we can again give an analogy with a name: if “int-net-partner” is a name, then “ru” is a surname. But, unlike human names, here there should not be two identical names in one surname. But if I choose a different last name (i.e. domain zone), say “su”, then for the site I can buy the same name “int-net-partner”. Then the site name will be int-net-partner.su.

Domain name levels

What do these levels mean? On the news resource vesti.ru: “ru” is the first level, “vesti” is the second. That is, in other words, the first level is a zone.

They are called thus: “first-level domain”, “second-level domain”. It's clear? Here it’s like the Arabs: from right to left. In the same way, we can write a domain one level lower. Let’s say here “society.yoread.ru”: “society” is already the third level.

Let's break down the vrn.org.ru domain into parts. Here it turns out like this: ru - first level (root); org is the second, vrn is the third.

Domains can be divided into levels up to 127 times, but in practice it rarely goes beyond the third. The entire name length cannot be more than 255 characters. But who will read such a “snake”? Remember: “Brevity is the sister of talent!” - as A.P. Chekhov noted.

First level domain structure

They are divided into general and national.

Generic TLDs are divided according to their professional affiliation or focus, namely:

• gov – state governments;
• edu – universities;
• com – commercial structures.

Service domains of various directions can also be attributed to the general category.

National domains(country code TLDs) are divided by territorial basis, namely: ru (Russian), fr (French), de (German), etc. There are now more than 200 country code domains in the world

There are national domains in the language of your nationality, for example, the Russian Federation zone.

RU is in 10th place in the world in terms of the number of second-level domains registered in it: 3.5 million.

Now any Internet user has the right to register a 1st level domain. Let’s choose, say, this: “dom”. Then the blog name will look like this: int-net-partner.dom.

But it costs fabulous sums, so only transnational corporations and megacities purchase such goods.

Registration of 2nd level domains is carried out ICANN accredited organizations. Their list can be found here: www.icann.org.

What is a subdomain? Let's just say I decided to create a subdomain called "forum". Then the address of another of my resources, which I will place on a subdomain, will look like this “forum.. If I have a website, then I can create subdomains with any name, and for free.

Where and how much do you buy domains?

It is better to buy names for your domain from accredited registrars, which you can find on this page: www.cctld.ru/ru/registrators.

Today, every hoster (service for hosting a website) tries to give you a domain as a gift if you have paid for hosting for a year in advance.

The offer is tempting, but there is a “other side of the coin”!

The point is that when you decide to change hosting, the question may arise: “What to do with the domain?” Therefore, so that this does not create additional headaches, I register domains separately from hosting. To register, I recommend using the following resource: webnames.ru or 2domains.ru(cheapest).

Are domains free?

Yes. Free third-level names offer to get, for example, on ucoz.ru.

Which domain level is best for a website?

Naturally, if you have a choice, then take the 2nd level. Should I take the 3rd one? Also an option, even cheaper, and sometimes free. But in terms of promotion, the second level is better.

Which domains are better indexed: 2nd or 3rd level?

There is no consensus here: the 2nd level is indexed well, although the 3rd can serve you well if you make a great website!

Business cards and home pages will do just fine on the third level.

What is DNS? I will explain again using an example from life. I hope you have seen any phone book? It contains phone numbers, and by phone number you can find out the owner's name and address. This data can also be obtained from the help desk, where all this information is embedded in a database. A similar service exists on the Internet. We have already mentioned it above - this is the DNS system, which consists of a network of servers around the world. These servers constantly exchange information with each other.

NS servers. When you buy a domain, the NS servers of the registrar itself will be registered for it, which will convert the IP into the site name. But you won’t see your web resource right away. Why? Because you need to wait until the root DNS server cache is updated with your information. This time can be up to 72 hours, but most often it happens much faster. In my practice, this happened within 24 hours. When this process happens, type the name of your site in the address bar of your browser, and you will see a miracle: your resource will become a part of the World Wide Web! (if, of course, you created it)

Each hosting service has its own NS servers, which will be offered to you. You should use this service. On the registrar's resource, in the settings of your domain, enter the NS from your hoster. Please note that here again you will have to wait up to 72 hours! Therefore, in the course of your activities, you do not need to change the NS data unnecessarily. But don’t worry too much about this, because... the site will not disappear from the network: it will function until the moment of switching. After switching, it will start working from other NSs (usually there are two).

I wrote in detail about how domains and websites themselves work on the Internet in the article?

Greetings, colleagues!

Join our team of Russian bloggers! Register a domain, post interesting content! I wish you to find yourself on the Internet!

Create, experiment! Remember: the web resource you create will bring you satisfaction only when it is useful to other people, and not just to you!

I hope you will understand Internet technologies. But will you understand yourself? First of all, your success depends on it! Go ahead, friends!

On my blog you can always learn new information for yourself! You can ask questions about this article below in the comments field. Good luck in your endeavors!

P/S

Best regards, Alexander Sergienko

Many users are faced with questions about what domain names are.

They become especially relevant when users decide to create their own website.

Then different terms and definitions appear that you need to navigate in order to understand the complete structure of the Internet space and the location of the created site in it.

Getting straight to the point, we can say that a domain is the name of a website. It hides its IP address, which allows you to simply enter the name “primer.ru”, and not the address of such a site – “102.104.105.0”.

This is quite convenient, but if you go into details, many questions arise that will be covered later in the article.

What does a domain name mean?

As already noted, a domain is the name of the site. The user is provided with a set of Latin letters with which he can name his resource.

It is this name up to the first dot that will indicate the address of its portal.

However, there are also difficulties associated with the fact that such names are already taken, then you have to change the values ​​and select something that has not yet been reserved on a specific hosting or domain.

Pay attention! Domain and domain name are synonyms and have the same lexical meaning, regardless of which one is used.

A domain name is tied to a specific address on the network. It looks like 000.000.000.0. When you switch to another server, the redirection remains.

This means that the technology makes it possible to use one site name, even if it is constantly transferred to different domains.

It is to preserve the unique name of the site that domain name technology was developed.

It allows you to assign a portal name to a specific person and transfer it to different servers without losing the root IP address.

How the domain works

To understand the concept of a domain structure, it is necessary to consider it from the very beginning using an example.

In order to make his website address unique, the developer must designate it.

To do this, he creates a name that is not used on the network. Let it be called “primer”.

After this, you need to attach or link a domain zone to the site name.

It will show in which territory the designated developer’s site is located.

In its finished form it will be called “primer.ru”.

It turns out that upon registration, the “primer” site received a domain name of the “.ru” category.

There are 2 main rules when recording a domain name:

• Zones that are included in the full site address are listed to the left in the hierarchy.
• To separate domain levels, only dots are always placed between them.

If the site address “net.blog.primer.ru” is used, it will be considered as follows:

• net– fourth level domain;
• blog– third-level domain, which includes the fourth-level domain net;
• primer– second-level domain, which includes 3rd and 4th level domains;
• ru– a first-level domain that includes all the levels described above.

The first level in the hierarchy always comes last after the dot separator.

Table of first-level domains intended for public use

Considering domain levels, it should be noted that they are international.

However, depending on their location, there are laws, established restrictions or rules in force in a specific territory of the state.

First-level domains are the highest in this chain of addresses.

There are geographically defined addresses, which refer to the country where these domains are used.

An example of such top-level domain zones could be:

• ru – Russian Federation.
• br – Brazil.
• cn – China.

In addition to geographically defined domain names, first-level domains, which have an international public purpose, are of particular polarity.

The table will show all available addresses:

What are the domain levels?

When analyzing the hierarchy of domains, you should clarify their specific purpose.

From the previous section it is clear that first-level domains have either a specific public purpose or a geographic location. It is from them that the name begins to be built.

Everything that comes after them increases the number of subdomains, thereby increasing the number of domain levels.

This was clearly discussed above using the example of the full address “net.blog.primer.ru”, where reading from right to left will increase the hierarchy of the marked zone.

Experts identify 3 main zones:

• Root.
• Second level.
• First level.

Each row may include an additional number of domain names. At the same time, they will compose and divide according to the rules through a dot.

Pay attention! Domains can have 3-4 levels. They are subdomains and are not part of the global network.

Root

It is also defined as zero. Its purpose is to separate other domain levels.

In other words, all address entries must end with a dot at the end.

It turns out that systems were previously used when introducing domain levels of the following type “primer.ru.”

Now the last zero domain is omitted, and address records today have acquired the following form: “primer.ru”, where the dot at the end after the first-level domain is no longer placed.

It is also worth noting that national domains that have recently appeared in relation to the entire domain system can be used.

They use the designation not in Latin, but in the language of a specific country.

In Russia you can now register the website address “primer.rf”" The use of national alphabets also makes it possible to simplify the circulation of domains and specific assigned addresses to them. However, all national websites also have an unreadable address that is hidden behind what is written in the official language.

Second level

This is the space left for you to specify your own name for your site. This is what second-level domains are.

It turns out that the portal creator registers the address on the network, and not just the name. It is worth noting that prices for such portals differ upon registration.

If you register a domain in the “.ru” zone, it will be much cheaper than the same one, but in the “.com” zone.

Basically, to register such a name on the Internet, there are special companies that deal with the registration of names of website addresses.

The price depends on the choice of which first-level site the required resource will be located on.

There are also rental systems that make it possible to use a second-level domain name on a monthly basis. However, in case of non-payment of rent, the site will be disconnected from the network and immediately disappear from the search engine.

First level

The name of each site begins at this level. This can be confusing as the site is typically read from left to right.

However, to be precise in the mandatory address design rule, the first-level domain (with the exception of the root-level domain, which is not taken into account and is zero) always comes first, and then in descending order.

In each country, such addresses have a main “highest” level and abbreviate the name of their country.

This is interesting! First level domain name "su", was originally assigned to the Soviet Union. It contains a large amount of information, from the late 80s to the mid-2000s.

Other levels

It is also worth noting that there may be others after the second level domain. They should be highlighted separately. However, they are not of global significance.

And they exist inside second-level domains. Usually they are not registered or formalized.

Users who own a website, having purchased a second-level domain “primer” in the form of a name, can independently select third- and fourth-level names.

They themselves allocate at their address the subspaces necessary to select another address from the already registered one.

In other words, 3-4 level domains exist at the expense of a second level domain and are its subtypes, which the site owner himself can select independently.

Such sublevel numbers cannot exist without an officially registered name, a portal, which is a second-level domain.

Purchasing and registering a domain name

The situation with purchasing a domain name has a number of features. This primarily concerns jurisdiction and legislation.

There was a well-known situation with the creators of torrent sites, which were initially present on the first-level domain name “.ru”.

However, after the tightening of Russian legislation regarding copyright, the resource began to be blocked. Therefore, in order to avoid blocking, the developers had to transfer their resource to the “.org” domain, which has an international level.

Each country has official second-level domain name registrars. They have permission and a license giving them the right to carry out such activities.

It is from them that you need to purchase and register the site name.

In addition, the official registrars have representatives in the form of partner companies, who also handle the registration of domain names as an official registrar.

If a partner or representative has violated the terms of the agreement, you must immediately contact the official registrar.

Prices for services will vary. Typically, representatives offer to register a second-level domain name with a monthly payment.

Official registrars establish rules for registration with payment for a domain name immediately for 1 year.

Pay attention! If payment is overdue, it will be impossible to access the site. Depending on the registrar, a contractually established period for resumption of payments is given. If it is missed, the domain name will become free and can be registered by another person.

Checking the second level domain for occupancy

There are now more than half a billion second-level domains on the network.

With the development of Internet technologies and the transfer of business to the virtual space, domain names as names for websites began to have a high price.

Large corporations are willing to pay millions of dollars for a beautiful name for their website.

Many enterprising developers began registering websites with beautiful addresses more than 10 years ago. And a few years ago, such investments began to pay off.

Now the price for a second-level domain with a beautiful name costs tens of thousands of dollars, and renting such a number usually does not exceed $100-1,500 per year.

Therefore, when creating a website, it is worth paying attention to its name, as the address of a second-level domain, because this name can already be acquired by a thoughtful investor, for its further resale at several times the price.

View information about the current user of a specific domain name

To check if a domain is occupied, just contact the official registrars. They provide all the necessary information on a specific resource.

There is a search bar on the official page of such institutions.

By entering the name of a second-level domain there, you can check its occupancy in various zones. It is worth noting that all registrars have a common database.

Therefore, you can turn to any of them for help in your search, regardless of geographic location.

After the domain of interest has been officially purchased and an agreement has been concluded with the registrar for the right to use it for a specified period of time, you will need to configure it and link different hosting services.

For this purpose, there is a special administrative panel that allows you to edit the domain and connect various services to it.

It is through such a panel that users can select 3rd and 4th level domains from the received address.

View history and purchase released names

According to established international rules, registrars provide information about second-level domain owners free of charge and openly.

That is, anyone who wants to go to the official website of the registrar in "Whois" section, maybe, by indicating the address of a specific site, get all the information about the person who registered it.

However, services are now also provided to hide such registration information about the owner of the resource.

Various official services offer this service both for a fee and for free. It is also possible to change the data to fictitious ones.

According to the rules for registering a second-level domain, when concluding an agreement with the official registrar, you must indicate your personal and contact information.

The website address is tied specifically to the specific individual or legal entity with whom the contract is concluded.

Many owners of popular online resources advise using the services of hiding information or replacing it.

This is due to the fact that there are those on the network who want to take possession of information or money. Personal user data makes it much easier to hack the service.

Conclusion

Based on the materials in the article, we can conclude that the domain is one of the most important components of the address of any website on the Internet.

Without assigned names, it will be impossible to go to the resource using a browser. Many developers pay great attention to the issue of domain selection.

This is explained by the fact that a lot depends on the name of the portal, as well as on its location.

If it is unreadable and not concise, and is located, in little-known areas of the first level the number of visitors to the resource will be minimal.

It would be terribly inconvenient if people addressed each other not by name, but by a number corresponding to their birthday or telephone number. Therefore, if names did not exist, it would be worth inventing them.

Each computer, when connected to the global Internet, is assigned its own unique number, called IP ADRESS.

Each web resource also has its own IP Address. The official website of the Yandex company has an IP Address of 213.180.204.11. This number is difficult to remember, but if you write it in the address bar, the browser will open the Yandex company website. The domain name of this website is www.yandex.ru corresponding to the IP address 213.180.204.11.

The presence of a domain name, instead of a numerical equivalent, makes it possible to access a computer by a name that identifies the owner of the IP address. A domain name serves as a unique name on the Internet and is a simpler and, naturally, more beautiful option for recording this address.

Domain Name is a unique identifier that is assigned to a specific IP address (there cannot be two identical ones).

Domain Names are maintained and centrally administered by a set of DNS domain name servers. DNS (Domain Name Service) - domain name service. Along with digital addresses, DNS allows you to use your own computer names, so-called Domain Names.

All information about Domain Names is stored in a central DNS database, which consists of several powerful computers scattered around the world. This database stores information about the registration date, the physical or legal owner of the Domain Name, as well as the path to the so-called name server - NAMESERVER, which contains the information to which the Domain Name points.

The unified Internet directory, which defines the basis of DNS, is located in the government organization SRI International - Menlo Park, CA, US (Menlo Park, California, USA).

A Domain Name is the alphabetic address of a computer.

Domain Name or computer letter address can be:

• domain name of the first (top) level - first domain level;
• second level domain name - second level domain;
• third level domain name - third level domain. First level Domain Names are divided into:

The website www.nic.ru presents all first-level Geographic Domain Names.

The first level domain name looks like this - www.ru (Russian Internet zone)

This is how the second level domain name is written - www.site

A third-level domain name consists of a second-level domain to which a subdomain is added to the left. For example - noyabrsk.ur.ru ("Noyabrsk.ru" - website of the city of Noyabrsk)

In this article we will take a closer look at the question of what a domain is and why it is needed. Let's touch on the issues of domain zones and domain name levels. We will cover the procedure for registering and purchasing domains. We will provide instructions for checking before purchasing and registering. We'll tell you how you can make money by buying and reselling these domain names.

(detailed video instructions)

A domain is a unique name for a website on the Internet. Truly unique, one and only in the whole world. In simple words - the address of a website on the Internet. These are like coordinates of any point on the globe. For example, I was recently in Portugal and visited the westernmost point of Europe - Cape Roca. The coordinates of this point will be 38 0 47` north latitude and 9 0 30` west longitude. If you type 38 0 47`N 9 0 30`W into the Yandex search engine, Cape Roca will be shown on the map.

The same goes for the site’s domain name, the one and only, which by typing anywhere in the world takes you directly to a resource located on that domain.

All Internet resources have their own IP address on the global network, it looks like this - “78.108.95.81”. If you enter these numbers into the address bar of your browser, the main page ruinterdiz.ru (the blog you are on) will open.

An Internet address in the form of numbers is not convenient, it is difficult to remember, it is not readable, so human-readable domain names were invented. See for yourself: ruinterdiz.ru is much easier to remember than the numbers 78.108.95.81, and such an entry looks more attractive.

Due to uniqueness, readability and recognition, the number of regular users increases, and accordingly the number of regular visitors to the Internet project increases and behavioral factors improve.

In view of this, the address of your future website must be approached very seriously and creatively. Whatever you name the site, it will float across the Internet.

That's actually what kind of beast this domain is.

Domain name zones

A mandatory component of a domain name is the zone in which the site address is located. For general development: the site name is machine read from right to left.

Domain zones in the world are divided by country. That is, each country has its own zone. So, for example, in Russia it will be ru, in France - fr, in Portugal it is assigned pt, in Italy - it, in Kazakhstan - kz, etc. You cannot buy a domain zone, unlike a name, but you can choose it from those offered .

In addition to dividing by country, there are also zones.com - commercial, .biz - for business, .org, .info and many others. The cost of zones is different, for example, zones.com and .biz will be much more expensive than zones.ru. If your project does not comply with all Russian laws and is located in zone.ru, then it may be closed. And you will have to either fix the problem, or move the site to another zone, or resign yourself and forget about your site. In fact, there have been a lot of laws on running Internet projects lately.

So, for example, many popular online movie resources closed down and moved to other zones. Russian legislation also affected many popular torrent trackers. Be careful with the domain zone so as not to get into trouble.

Changing the zone subsequently means a complete change of the site address, which entails a decline in positions and traffic, and not a competent move to complete departure from the search results.

There are also zones such as .gov - government structure, .edu - educational. To register in these zones, you will need the appropriate package of documents. Confirming the status of a government or educational institution.

About 10 years ago, national zones and domain names appeared. That is, the site address can be registered not in Latin, but in the national language..Russian Federation. The use of national zones with domain names written in the language of a particular country does not affect promotion, but has a lot of disadvantages.

So, for example, it will be difficult for a European to navigate in zone.rf. The link is automatically recoded into English characters, this is not visible to humans, only a machine reads it. If you copy such a link from the address bar of your browser and paste it somewhere, you will get complete gobbledygook like http://xn--90ahhbc1atdqh.xn--p1ai/ because of this, this zone is not popular and is used extremely rarely.

As mentioned above, the machine reads the website address from right to left. Let's look at what a website address consists of. Example:

edu.forum.site

• .ru - Domain zone, it is not sold or bought, it is provided by the registrar when purchasing a name. Part of the first level domain name.
• .ruinterbiz - The domain name itself. It is this that is registered and purchased, is the site address and is unique. This second level domain.
• .forum - Third level domain. It is a subdomain. It is not paid for in any way, it is attached to the main second-level domain through special settings that are beyond the scope of this article. May contain a completely different site.
• edu - Fourth level domain. The same as the third level.

For general development, it must be said that there is also a root zone (empty area), this is a dot (.) after the domain zone, an empty record.. But it is always omitted, only the machine sees it.

Domain name registration

You can select and register a domain name in Argentina, the USA, or Europe. Every country has accredited domain name registrars. Let's just talk about the main technical point. If your project is aimed, for example, at a European audience, then it is better to register somewhere in Europe, using the zone.com, .org, etc. If it is for Russian visitors, then register in Russia. This is due to technical indicators. For example, our project, registered in St. Petersburg, will open much faster in central Russia than in Vladivostok or America. Plays the role of the location of the data center from the opening location. St. Petersburg gives good indicators for Russia and Europe. And site loading speed is one of the important ranking factors.

There are actually not that many registrars, but they all provide services through hosting providers and data centers. We have been using Majordomo hosting and servers for over 10 years. There were no problems, so we can recommend it to you and use their example to show you how to choose a domain name.

Video instructions for registration, setup and management

Your promo code is TZS52983(just copy and paste when registering)

Attention:

It is best to select a website address through the selected hosting provider. This is due to DNS settings. If, for example, you register a domain on RegRu, and take the host from Majordomo, then you will have to reconfigure the DNS servers and records. By checking the name directly with Majordomo and registering the domain through them, this problem will disappear.

The principle of choosing a name for a site, as well as installing your project on hosting, is described in detail in the article “”. Here we will dispel the myth that the domain name somehow affects the promotion and ranking of the site.

This is not true! More precisely, many people misunderstand this point. The presence of a key in the Latin alphabet in the full page address has a small signal on ranking..html The presence of a key after a slash has a small effect on promotion, before the slash, no.

You can take a domain either by last name or by first name. For example, vovkinblog.ru and promote it.

Let's consider selecting a domain name through the hosting provider Majordomo. To do this, go to the official Majordomo domain name selection website and enter the desired name, select a zone and check.

If the domain is free, then you can register and pay. Payment is made once and the name is provided for one year. Upon expiration, the domain is renewed. The first payment for a year is always cheaper, subsequent renewals are two or three times more expensive. Due to inflation and the rising dollar, the extension is also increasing. For example, renewal in 2012 cost 199 rubles, and in 2017 it was already 599 rubles.

Important:

Documents will be required for registration. If you are registering for an individual, you need a scan of your passport. If for legal, then a package of documents for legal. face. We recommend preparing the necessary copies of documents in advance.

The host can be paid monthly, or you can purchase an annual subscription. If you pay for hosting for a year, it turns out to be much cheaper. But don’t rush to pay and register a domain name right away; it needs to be checked. Why and how, read on.

Important:

Our free lessons describe in detail the procedure for launching your online project, from a blog to an online store. By subscribing to our blog at the end of the article, you will receive complete step-by-step instructions from the lessons. Full description of the lessons here.

How to check a domain before registering

The success of resource promotion largely depends on the history of the domain name. So, for example, if a low-quality resource was located on the domain (of which there are many on the Internet), then nothing good will come from such an address, even if the name is beautiful and memorable. The fact is that search engines store the history of a site in their databases for quite a long time. If, for example, you grab the domain vovkinblog.ru, and previously it had a worthless resource, links to indecent sites were placed, unwanted letters were sent en masse to purchased and downloaded databases, then nothing good will come of it. Therefore, it is necessary to check the domain name before registering.

You can check the history of a domain name, namely what kind of sites were on it, through archiv.org. A project on the Internet that stores almost all sites on earth that are not closed in robots.txt by its robot. Here is an example of checking the domain vovkinblog.ru

Enter the domain of interest and press enter, it will be transferred to the calendar of saved copies, then click on the blue circle.

From the information received it is clear that the domain is basically clean and there are no negative elements observed. We can conclude that the domain was taken, but things didn’t go any further, the lease of the name and possibly the host ended, the site was never filled with anything. Perhaps a beautiful and sonorous name was taken for the purpose of resale, that is, making money on domain names. This will be discussed further. Conclusion, you can take and use this domain name.

The screenshot below shows an example of an archived Yandex page from 2005.

In addition to the domain name, you also need to check the IP address. This is done through special services. You can check for mass, unauthorized mailings and presence in blacklists in this service https://www.dnsbl.info/ If the IP is listed in blacklists, then you can try to clear it by following step-by-step instructions or specify question to the host provider.

The fact is that on regular web hosting there are several thousand sites on one IP. And if there are sites that are blacklisted from this IP address, then your domain will be listed there. The Majordomo provider monitors IP addresses and does not provide black IP addresses.

Earning money from buying and reselling domain names

There is a fairly profitable business on the Internet selling domain names. It consists in registering some beautiful name, for example, kojgalantereya.ru. Next, links to the domain are placed from trusted sites and within two to three updates the TIC is increased to 30 to 50 points. Afterwards it is sold through special exchanges such as telderi.

Also, corporate promoted sites on the Internet are often closed due to bankruptcy and company closure, and domains are released. Such domains are called Drops. These names often have high TIC and PR indicators. There are whole schemes for catching such Drop domains. That is, I caught such a domain, registered it for myself for 150 rubles and put it up for sale for 3 - 4 thousand hazel grouse.

We do not recommend purchasing such domains! Since the indicators were increased by purchasing links to certain pages. But if you buy a domain without all the pages, the structure will be different. Almost all the links will disappear and all the bellies will disappear in 2 - 3 months. You'll just lose money and time.

Conclusions

Selecting a domain name is a very responsible and creative process. This is your ship in the ocean of the Internet network. Whatever you call it, so you will float. When selecting, it is necessary to take into account a number of points, namely the domain name should be:

— Easy to read;

- Memorable;

— Have the opportunity for further branding promotion;

- Be sure to contain a good story;

— Have a clean IP address, since this is the same as a domain;

That’s actually all we wanted to tell you about domain names and why they are needed, in simple words.

Good luck with your Internet projects.

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