What types of computer programs are there: a list of names with a brief description. What is the program? Types of programs and methods of their distribution

Today we will talk about software(programs). Programs for a personal computer are often called "application programs", and programs for mobile devices are called " mobile applications". You've probably heard that to perform certain tasks you need special computer programs. That is, without the necessary program, you won’t even be able to type text. And it's true.

Program or Application is a type of software that allows perform specific tasks. When you open the program, it is running , until you close it. As a rule, when working at a computer, you will use several programs simultaneously, that is, a text editor, a file manager, an Internet browser can be opened at once, this process is called - multitasking. And the OS coordinates the work of these programs.

Today programs can be downloaded on the Internet. There are many free programs that you can use to solve your problems. Of course, there are also paid software products, the functionality of which can be obtained after payment. So, if you want to type texts in the MS Word text editor and work with MS Excel spreadsheets, then you will have to buy a Microsoft Office software product.

Clue: Microsoft Office tools are available for free in Google Drive, Yandex.Disk, [email protected].

Technologies are developing rapidly, new devices (smartphones, tablets) are appearing and many programs are becoming available for and even for modern technologies. TVs with supportSmartTV.

Types of programs for personal PC

There are countless types of personal computer software available, and they fall into many categories. All programs differ in functionality, for example, full featured (Microsoft Word), has great functionality, undead Notebook, included with the Windows operating system.

Let's look at the most common types of software products:

Text editors: allow you to create and edit texts, tables and many other types of documents. The most famous text editor is Microsoft Word.

Graphic editors: allow you to create and edit graphic images (photos, pictures, drawings) using many tools, styles and templates. The most famous graphics editor is Photoshop.

Web Browsers: this is the tool you use to access global Internet. Most computers come with a web browser, but you can download another one. Examples: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Yandex-browser And Safari.

Games: There are many different games that you can play on your computer. These could be simple games such as " Solitaire" or modern action games that require a lot computing powerfrom computer hardware. Not all computers can handle such games.

Media players: if you want to listen music or watch movies on your computer, you will need a player program. Preinstalled for MS Windows based computers Windows Media Player and for Apple computers it is iTunes.

These are simple applications that can be placed on your desktop (if you are using a Mac or a latest generation Windows PC). There are many different types of widgets: calendars, calculators, cards, news headlines, notes, clocks and much more.

These are just a few of the categories of software you can use on your computer.

Installing programs on your computer

To work with the program, you need it install to the computer. The process of installing programs follows a similar scenario; your task is to follow the instructions of the installation manager.

If the software was purchased from a store, just insert installation disk into the drive and follow the onscreen instructions. If the software downloaded from the Internet, there will be a file with it readme(For example, readme.txt), which includes installation instructions and other information.

Advice: Use caution when downloading software from the Internet as it may contain viruses or others malware. Programs purchased or distributed in exchange for a subscription do not contain viruses; programs downloaded on the Internet from dubious sources may contain malicious code. If you have Antivirus, we strongly recommend that you check the downloaded software before installing it.

Opening files using programs

Programs are developed to perform assigned tasks and work with certain file types. For example, Microsoft Word can create and edit Word documents (type .doc .docx). If you don't have MS Word, you won't be able to open Word documents in Notepad. For example, if you have a file with the extension psd- This is a working type of Photoshop file; without this program it is useless.

There are two main ways to open a file:

1. Find the file on your computer, hover your mouse cursor and double-click the left button. This method will allow you to open the file using the program default. This means that the operating system, based on the file type, determines what program created the file and what program should be run to open such files. Of course, if this program is installed on your computer.

1. Open the program, and then using the menu item “File” - “Open”, open the file. As a rule, all programs have a menu, and the first menu item is the “File” item. Through this menu item you can open, create, save and much more.

Also, knowing the main types of files, you can decide for yourself which program can open a particular file. For example, a photograph in the format .jpg, you can open it in a standard graphic editor Paint or in Photoshop, only the functionality of these programs is very different. It's like driving a VAZ or BMW car. So judge what you can do with a photograph, having different tools (programs) at hand.

Mobile applications

Mobile applications for smartphones And tablet computers, open up many new opportunities. After downloading the required application, you can use your smartphone as a navigator, bank client or e-reader. You can read barcodes from goods or payment receipts and pay for them immediately. There are applications that allow you to measure distance, determine the horizon level and direction of movement. And there are thousands of such applications.

Compared to traditional apps, mobile apps relatively cheap. Many of them cost only 30 rubles, while others cost nothing at all. free. By connecting your mobile device to the Internet, you can download applications directly to your mobile device. Or you can download the application to your computer and then transfer it to your mobile device via cable or Bluetooth.

The main thing is that you must understand that the final result depends on what program you use.

What is a computer program? As technology develops, so does their number. They are endowed with different functionality and purposes. It is impossible for an amateur in the field to assess the role of any program, taking into account all their diversity. It is also impossible to make a choice in favor of the best of them, since they have different orientations and do not perform the same tasks.

Based on the above, science and practice rarely consider one specific one. Most often, classifications and division into categories by type or purpose are of interest.

Definition

What is a computer program? Its definition is a set of several instructions presented in digital, coded, schematic or verbal form. All these elements are expressed in a form suitable for computer readability. They power the computer to achieve a specific result.

Every software product has two main properties.

1. Is a set of steps that a computer must take.
2. Each individual instruction controls a piece of data or information.

Simply put, a computer program is a collection of tasks that are performed sequentially, in order, by computer technology. Ultimately, the user gets the result he needs.

Educational

Educational or educational computer programs are a tool designed to solve pedagogical problems. Their main feature is independent interaction with the user. The main purpose of such products is focused on use in the educational process.

Educational computer programs are based on completing tasks:

• basic familiarity with the subject;
• conceptual preparation for work;
• developing skills for solving standard and non-standard equations in the relevant field;
• development of skills to engage in certain activities;
• conducting experiments for educational and research purposes;

In rare cases, educational software products are used to restore knowledge, fill gaps in it, or acquire new skills that were previously impossible to master (for example, due to a stall in technology development).

Despite the fact that these functions are unified and integral, depending on how they are solved, they influence each other. Accordingly, studying the subject will be more productive when solving sequential problems rather than individual examples.

System

All software is divided according to different criteria. The main one is purpose. In accordance with them, classification is made. One of the most important subgroups is system computer programs. If they are not installed, then interaction with other elements is difficult, if not impossible.

What is computer purpose? It is a complex of products on which the operation of computer technology depends. Not a single computer can do without them, since they manage internal components. User interaction with computer technology will be impossible without them.

The basis of the activity of system programs is to ensure work with application products. These include utilities, drivers, operating systems, and shells.

Instrumental

User tool computer programs are those that are designed to develop or modify other products. These include the following.

1. Translators. They are transforming programming languages.
2. Program text editors. They interpret the interface in a user-friendly language of codes and symbols.
3. Support programs.
4. Libraries. They contain various templates that help programmers in their work.

There are not many instrumental products. But almost all of them are written using various programming languages.

Applied

Speaking about what an application-type computer program is, one cannot fail to note the wide popularity of these products. If only specialists or self-taught people can work with the ones listed above, then these are aimed at ordinary people.

Application programs provide solutions to problems in specific areas and are also intended to perform custom work. This could be editing images, texts, various operations with photographs, and so on.

The following programs belong to this type:

• professional, intended to automate a particular job;
• general-purpose programs that allow you to perform a large number of functions necessary for the average user;
• method-oriented, solving statistical problems;
• problem-oriented, performing planning and management operations.

Special

There are special computer programs that are developed for one or more purposes. The production of such products is ordered by enterprises in order to automate various processes, such as working on a machine or personnel management, and the distribution of responsibilities.

Small special programs are ordered by taxi services, dispatch companies, and so on. They perform one specific function and are superimposed on other applications (navigators, maps).

There are popular special programs, like 1C. These are used in all developed countries; only the translation language, interface and some source data change. The latter usually depend on legislation and GOSTs.

Computer viruses

What is a computer virus and They are small malicious products that enter computer software in different ways. However, each has its own purpose. Some are quite harmless, and if the user does not work with system or tool programs, then they will not cause him any trouble. They will sit quietly in their folder until the antivirus detects them.

But there are also more harmful products that can copy and transfer to the author the personal data of users, their credit card numbers, and wallets of electronic payment systems. These are Trojan programs. They imitate one or another application in order to collect and send information, delete it, or transfer control of computer equipment to a third party.

The fight against malicious products is carried out using special anti-virus programs. There are also ways to prevent their occurrence on your computer. For example, you can enable system protection in real time. Then the incoming flow of information is filtered.

Result

To summarize, all existing software can be briefly reviewed in the table.

It is impossible to say unambiguously what the totality of all computer programs is. It organizes the operation of any computer technology and ensures its interaction with users, regardless of special skills. But it is impossible to give it a specific definition.

Conclusion

This is how the classification of software is constructed, allowing one to determine the place of the program and highlight it against the background of diversity. Also, if the relevant information is available, the user will be able to determine which specific product he needs to perform a particular function or solve a problem.

To answer the question of what a computer program is, it is necessary to consider too many components of these products. These include codes, tools used, or instructions.

The classification of computer programs indicated here is not the only one. It may vary depending on how the primary feature is chosen (here, the purpose).

Hello! Today there are a lot of computer programs (software) for various purposes. In general, they can be divided into two categories:

1. general purpose;
2. professional.

They are often called application programs. In simple terms, they are designed to perform specific functions through a user interface. Okay, let's not go too deep into the theory. Let's get down to business.

Today we’ll look at what computer programs there are for anti-virus protection, office work, Internet browsing, design work and accounting - 1C. I will make a list of names of popular software and briefly tell you what it is.

Computer programs for resumes: briefly about the thematic selection

Computer proficiency level. Is this a familiar phrase? Not surprisingly, it is often found in the form of an applicant’s resume for a certain position.

In addition to the general assessment of knowledge, it may be necessary to indicate specific application applications and their level of proficiency. It happens that you don’t use some of them for a long time and forget the names.

For these and other cases, we will consider small lists of common software and some of their features. From them you can choose the ones you need to study and fill out your resume. Moreover, you don’t have to write everything in it. The main thing is to indicate what will actually be required to perform job duties and what you have knowledge of.

Antiviruses: list and brief description

There is a huge selection of software for PC and mobile devices.

Here is a list of some of the popular antivirus programs:

• Kaspersky. There are different versions with different functionality. Among them you can find a suitable option for your home or business. I prefer it because I consider it a very powerful and reliable antivirus for both PCs and phones and tablets.
• ESET NOD32. It's quite reliable. I used it for a long time for one simple reason - in the recent past, my computer was not very powerful, but NOD32 provided good performance.
• Dr. Web (“Doctor Web”). A good multi-platform antivirus.
• Avast. Available in free and paid versions. Naturally, the latter have wider functionality.
• Avira. Quite an interesting and functional antivirus that can be installed on PCs and mobile devices.

The choice of antivirus depends on individual preferences. The only thing, as an experienced system administrator, I want to point out the existing nuance that arises when there are serious suspicions of a threat to computer security.

When thoroughly checking computers for viruses, it is better to do a maximum scan with several programs. However, you cannot have 2 or more antiviruses installed on your computer at the same time.

How then to do this? I won’t go into details now, this is not what the publication is about, but as an option, you can check one through Windows, the other from DOS mode.

Office programs

Among them there are both standard ones for the Windows operating system and additional ones. The latter can be classically divided into paid and free PC software.

So, let's look at what kind of office programs there are for working on a computer.

I will list 2 standard applications for Windows.

• Notebook. A simple text editor with rather modest functionality.
• WordPad. There are more possibilities than the previous editor, and less than the analogues described below.

Free office programs include OpenOffice products, among which, according to my observations, the ones listed below are most often used.

• Writer. Suitable for creating standard text documents. Similar operations are often performed in Word.
• Calc. It is designed to work with tabular documents.
• Impress is designed for creating graphic presentations.

Paid office software includes products called Microsoft Office. Among it there are corresponding alternatives to the three options presented above.

• Word.
• Excel.
• PowerPoint.

They usually don't need any introduction. It's hard to meet a user who hasn't heard of them.

There are different versions of the described software. The choice depends on the tasks at hand.

Internet browsers

I present a list of names of alternative browsers.

• Internet Explorer.
• Mozilla Firefox.
• Opera.
• Google Chrome.
• Yandex browser.

They come in different versions. For maximum security, it is better to use the latest one available.

The first browser in the list is the standard browser in the operating system. All of the above are very popular. Among the users I meet, and there are quite a few of them, I notice that they most often use Google Chrome or a browser from Yandex. The latter has cool functionality - protected mode. It is able to enhance security when working with payment services.

1C programs for accounting

A very common program in the field of economics. It is difficult to imagine large-scale business activity without its use. Among the latest versions is 1C 8.

Depending on production tasks, different configurations for 1C can be used. This feature makes your work much easier.

For ease of use, several users can be connected to one database (DB), where all important information is stored. Since not everyone needs full access, it can be limited for each connected user.

Programs for designers and professional earnings

There are many of them. Among the powerful and frequently used ones, 4 specific programs can be distinguished under the following names:

• Adobe Photoshop. Used for image processing.
• Adobe Premiere. Useful for video processing.
• Adobe Indesign. Designed for professional layout design.
• CorelDraw. Can be used to work with vector graphics.

Specific versions of licenses and software are selected taking into account work tasks and the configuration of the computer on which they will be installed.

Having mastered one of these programs masterfully or at least at an average level, you can seriously think about finding a well-paid one. Good specialists with such knowledge are valued in the real world and on the Internet. There are actually a lot of people who want to make money, but it’s not always easy to find real professionals.

This publication is nearing completion. We looked at what common programs there are for performing specific tasks on computers. Did you find what you were looking for? If so, I'm glad I was able to provide valuable information. If not, then you can ask a question in the comments or add to this publication.

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Computer program is a set of instructions executed by computing technology (computers). In most cases, programs can be represented in the form of object (binary) and source code.

For the user, one of the main differences is the nature of the program:

Application programs- These are programs with which the user can interact directly. These include “text editors”, “browser”, “websites”, “games”.

System programs- These are programs that provide user interaction with a computer and create an environment in which application programs are executed. These include “drivers” and “operating systems”.

Synonyms for the word program are: “ application», « BY», « software», « software" Thus, a computer is a combination of “software” and “hardware”.

Software can be divided according to the following criteria:

Target "operating system" - Since different "operating systems" create different environments for application software, it is very important for which operating system a specific "program" was created. The most famous operating systems are SuSe Linux, Ubuntu Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD MacOS and Microsoft Windows.

The target platform is a variety of "hardware" that supports a set of different instructions, so most programs are built for a specific "hardware". The most popular platforms: “x64”, “x86”, “ARM”, “IA64”, “Itanium” and others.

Typically, to create software, it is necessary to write the source code of the program in a certain “programming language”, further “compile” the program, as well as “debug”, “test” and subsequent distribution of the software. In the 30-50s of the twentieth century, all source texts were written as “machine code”, but soon the first programming language “ASSEMBLER” was created, the use of which greatly simplified the process of creating a program. Subsequently, higher-level languages ​​appeared, and the creation of programs moved from technical specialists, who are responsible for the functioning of specific hardware systems, to specialists in creating software, who became known as “programmers.” When “personal computers” became widespread enough, “programming” became a separate industry, employing a huge number of specialists. Today, entire educational institutions are completely dedicated to training specialists for this industry. In the CIS, “programmers” have always been treated in a special way. After the collapse of the USSR, most of the enterprises that were directly involved in the production of computer equipment were destroyed. This led to the fact that all CIS countries purchased such equipment abroad, in states that had developed hardware production technologies. Because of this, there was a delay in receipts, and there was also a shortage of computer equipment in the CIS countries, which means programmers managed with fewer working hours with equipment and fewer hardware resources (such as computing speed, memory, information transfer speed, etc.) . If we add to such conditions the excellent mathematical training of Russian specialists (a consequence of high-quality education in the USSR) and the ability to invent, we get the image of a domestic “programmer”, respected, but at the same time not always understood, not only in Russia, but abroad. The popularity of the Internet has taken the software industry to another level, as it has become easier to sell and distribute programs. This happened thanks to the emergence of instant payment systems (SMS, electronic money, credit cards, terminals, etc.), and the emergence of a new type of software - “web sites” - also played a significant role. At first they were similar to the electronic version of printed publications (magazines, newspapers, books), but later they turned into full-fledged applications. The development of the Internet has led to the fact that software, like most other industries, has become a victim of “pirates” - companies and individuals who illegally distribute software. The battle between “shield and sword” has been going on for many years, and various methods have emerged for the decentralized distribution of illegal copies of software. Thanks to these technologies, responsibility for the distribution of illegal programs falls on millions of users at once, and this makes finding and punishing those involved in the process almost impossible.

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

(Greek, from pro - before, forward, and grapho - niche). A brief outline, outline, presentation, content of an essay, publication, book or magazine, teaching something. A statement of the beliefs of a party.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

PROGRAM

1) a list of educational subjects and an indication of their content, distribution. them by class; 2) a list of priority cases and issues to be discussed Ph.D. societies at a meeting; 3) the intended course of action; 4) the direction of the magazine, newspaper and, in general, the totality of issues discussed by the Ph.D. periodical press organ; 5) the order of the concert, literary evening, etc.; 6) in general, a schedule, a brief outline of the content, etc.

A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .

PROGRAM

1) listing of subjects proposed for teaching in various. textbook institutions, courses and classes; 2) the list of priority matters to be discussed at the meeting is different. societies; 3) a list of numbers to be performed at the concert, literature. evening, at the circus, etc., as well as in general any announcement about the order of the proposed festivities and shows; 4) the course of action planned by any party; 5) the direction that the periodical press intends to follow; 6) in art - drawings, sculptures. works, architecture. drawings, etc., performed by students of the Academy of Arts on a given topic.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .

PROGRAM

Greek, from pro, forward, before, and grapho, writing. Destiny.

Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .

Program

((gr. program announcement, instruction)

1) plan of intended activities, works,

2) a statement of the main tasks and goals outlined by the government, political party or public organization; CPSU program - a brief, scientifically formulated statement of the goals and objectives of the party in the struggle to build communism;

3) educational paragraph - a brief systematic presentation of the content of training in a specific subject taught in an educational institution, the range of titles, abilities and skills to be acquired by students;

4) a list of theatrical, concert, circus, variety acts, radio and television programs, as well as a printed index of roles performed, acts, performances, programs and performers;

5) in computer technology - a complete and accurate description in a certain formal language of the information processing process for solving a given problem on an electronic computer.

New dictionary of foreign words. - by EdwART,, 2009 .

Program

programs, g. [ Greek programma – announcement]. 1. Plan (activity, work). 2. A statement of the main provisions and goals of the activities of a political party, public organization or individual government or public figure. Political program of the new president. 3. Brief summary of the content and methodological guidelines of the course, subject taught at the educational institution. History program. 4. List of individual numbers performed at an evening, concert, circus performance, etc. 5. Action plan, task for a computer or mechanisms with software; description in a special formalized language of the process of implementing such a plan.

Large dictionary of foreign words. - Publishing House "IDDK", 2007 .

Program

s, and. (German Program Greek programma public announcement, order, decree).
1. Plan activities, some. works, etc. P. research.
|| Wed. schedule .
2. A statement of the main tasks and goals intended by someone. (government, political party or individuals). P. transition to the market.
3. Brief summary of the content of the subject. P. in Russian.
|| Wed. abstract
4. Contents of theatrical, concert, circus performances, radio and television programs, as well as a leaflet, brochure with a list of performances, performances, programs, etc. P. concert. Television p.
Program- theater p.
5. inf. A consistent and accurate description in a certain formal language of the information processing process for solving a problem on a computer.
Program- related to program 2, 3, 5, programs.
|| Wed. algorithm
6. decomposition Each of several channels, on which a television or radio broadcast is conducted. By the first program is news, the second is a film.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words by L. P. Krysin. - M: Russian language, 1998 .

See what "PROGRAM" is in other dictionaries:

Cm … Dictionary of synonyms

program- y, w. program m., German Program gr. programma public announcement. 1. Contents or plan of what l. activities, work, etc.; a pre-developed set of actions and activities for the implementation of something. BAS 1. Plan... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Programs, women [Greek programma announcement]. 1. Plan (activity, work). Mechanical Engineering Program. Test program. Program of work of the congress. 2. Statement of the main provisions and goals of the activities of a political party, public... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Genre music review Production ... Wikipedia

Program “A” is a Soviet and Russian musical program aired on the First Program of Central Television, on the RTR and TVC channels. Specializes primarily in unusual and promising musical phenomena, alternative and non-commercial music,... ... Wikipedia

Soviet and Russian music program aired on central television. Specializes primarily in unusual and promising musical phenomena, alternative and non-commercial music, Russian rock. The editors determined... ... Wikipedia

program- Data intended to control specific components of an information processing system in order to implement a specific algorithm. [GOST 19781 90] [GOST 28806 90] [GOST 28397 89] program A number of projects and activities that... ... Technical Translator's Guide

A sequence of machine instructions designed to achieve a specific result. Program in accordance with GOST 19781 90 data intended for managing specific components of the information processing system in order to implement... ... Financial Dictionary