Separating and emphasizing punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence. Intonation of a complex sentence. The function of punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence - an essay on literature

Punctuation serves the purpose of communication between people. Using punctuation marks, the writer expresses different meanings and shades of his speech, the reader, seeing punctuation marks in the text, perceives what the writer wanted to say.

And since all writers act as a reader, and vice versa, the meanings of punctuation marks should be the same for all literate people who use the Russian language.

If the writer had not separated the sentences in this text with periods, then the reader would not have understood anything, and also if the writer had not put commas in the sentence... then it would also have been difficult to understand.

So, we can say with confidence that any rule about punctuation marks is a kind of agreement between the writer and the reader.

Is it possible to imagine written speech without punctuation?

Do we really need these strange sticks, dots, hooks?.. Or maybe it’s quite possible to do without them? Make your life easier without having to learn a lot of rules? Let's try to understand these issues.

The first function of punctuation marks is semantic. With the help of punctuation marks, the author focuses the reader’s attention, directing his creative imagination in the right direction. For example, in sentence 9, commas are used to list homogeneous subjects. If these punctuation marks are replaced with periods, then you get three one-part nominal sentences. They are distinguished by semantic completeness and narrative intonation. And in sentence 17, the semicolon introduces not only the intonation of enumeration, but also separates two simple sentences as part of a complex one, thus helping, with the help of words, to convey the visual image of the path - movement, the dynamics of events: we are traveling together with the author - narrator!

The ellipsis at the end of sentence 17 was not used by chance. It makes you slow down the pace of reading, imagine the significance, grandeur and mystery of the future. If there were no ellipses, there would be no goosebumps on the skin after these words!

The second function of punctuation marks is intonation. It is illustrated in the twelfth sentence. If you change the period to an exclamation mark, the intonation will change: “That’s what a thousand years are!” In sentence 16, the exclamation mark conveys an encouraging intonation, the author’s feeling of delight, admiration for what he saw. Offer without exclamation mark would lose its beauty!

The third function of punctuation marks is syntactic. Dots are used to separate sentences in the text; commas are used to highlight homogeneous members, simple sentences within a complex sentence, addresses, and interjections. The paragraph serves to divide the text into microtopics. The text contains paired punctuation marks: quotation marks (1), commas (1,15) and parentheses (16). Such signs are classified as highlighting, because they highlight a word, phrase or even a sentence from the entire text.

In the text we find dividing (separating) signs. They serve to separate parts of the text: the composition of the subject from the composition of the predicate (2), simple sentences within a complex sentence (3,4), homogeneous members of a sentence (9), etc.

I believe that it is impossible to do without punctuation marks in writing. They are necessary because without them any text becomes incomprehensible. Therefore Anton is right.

Why are commas needed?

Commas, like other punctuation marks, help to understand the structure of a sentence, and therefore the meaning of what is written.

Commas can separate parts complex sentence or homogeneous members from each other, or can highlight isolated members or words that are grammatically unrelated to the sentence. So, for example, in the sentence ... (..."), commas separate (homogeneous members of the sentence), and in the sentence ... (..."), commas separate (introductory words, addresses, isolated members)

Without a doubt, commas are very important punctuation marks, without which the meaning of the sentence would not be clear. Just remember the textbook phrase: “You can’t execute, you can have mercy.”

Why do you need a colon?

The colon, like other punctuation marks, helps to understand the structure of the sentence, and therefore the meaning of what is written.

A colon can separate a generalizing word from homogeneous members of a sentence.

A colon is used in a non-union complex sentence.

Without a doubt, the colon is a very important punctuation mark, without which the meaning of the sentence would not be clear.

Why do you need a dash?

Dashes, like other punctuation marks, help to understand the structure of a sentence, and therefore the meaning of what is written.

A dash can separate a generalizing word from homogeneous members of a sentence.

It can also separate direct speech from the words of the author.

A dash is used in a non-union complex sentence.

In addition, a dash separates the subject and predicate.

Without a doubt, the dash is a very important punctuation mark, without which the meaning of the sentence would not be clear.

Why is punctuation needed?

Punctuation – important section linguistics, which studies the placement of punctuation marks.

You cannot do without punctuation in a language. Just remember the textbook phrase: “You can’t execute, you can have mercy.” Without a comma in this sentence, it will be unclear whether he should be executed or pardoned.

Punctuation marks perform a dividing and emphasizing function. They can separate homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence, as in the sentence ... (...") They can also highlight isolated members or words that are grammatically unrelated to the sentence, as in the sentence ... (...")

Without a doubt, punctuation in writing is indispensable.

Why is spelling needed?

Spelling is an important branch of linguistics that studies the rules of writing words.

You can't do without spelling in a language.

Words that sound the same can be spelled completely differently. And this is not to confuse the poor students, but to distinguish the meanings of words. So, for example, in the sentence ... the word “...” is written (continuously, separately, with a hyphen, with a vowel ...,) And if we wrote this word “...”, then the sentence would receive a completely different meaning. ...

Without a doubt, spelling is indispensable in writing.

The role of archaisms in speech

Archaisms are outdated words in the vocabulary of the Russian language. Also called archaisms are obsolete words - Old Church Slavonicisms. They have modern Russian equivalents. Why are they needed?

Archaisms are used in speech when it is necessary to create the flavor of an era. Such words are used in historical novels and historical film scripts.

Archaisms are also used to create a high style of speech.

So outdated words play important role in modern Russian language.

The essays provided in this article were relevant last year! As of today, task C2.1 has undergone changes!

Perhaps the greatest difficulties for 9th graders are caused by tasks C2.1 and C2.2 of the exam test - writing an argumentative essay.

This article contains 9 essay samples on the topic “Why are punctuation marks needed?” Read them carefully. Pay attention to the introduction, arguments, conclusion. As they say, it's better to see once...

Sample 1

Anton and Kirill are arguing about whether punctuation marks are necessary. I, like Anton, believe that it is impossible to do without punctuation marks.

First, punctuation marks help define the boundaries of syntactic units. So, in the first paragraph there are five completion marks (dots), which mark syntactic units such as sentences. Sentence 6 uses commas four times in a simple sentence. Two of them mark a separate circumstance, expressed by a comparative phrase (like a boy), the other two stand between homogeneous compound nominal predicates (she was thin, snub-nosed, with short and disheveled hair).

Secondly, punctuation marks convey intonation. Thus, in sentence 19, the period expresses the intonation of a complete affirmative statement (People listened attentively, and there were already a lot of crumpled pieces of paper in the violin case); and in sentence 25, the ellipsis indicates the intonation of incompleteness.

Thirdly, punctuation marks help to accurately express thoughts. Thus, the shortest and most laconic correspondence took place between the French writer Victor Hugo and the publisher of his book. After Les Misérables was published, Hugo sent the publisher a letter containing only “?”, and received the answer: “!” This is how he learned that his book aroused great interest among readers.

So in V. Krapivin’s text, punctuation marks help convey the meaning. In sentence 22 (Although... would he dare?) the ellipsis conveys uncertainty, and the question mark requires an immediate answer. And in the next sentence (23), the hero begins to answer himself, to understand his feelings and thoughts.

Yes, you can’t do without punctuation marks. I hope that now Kirill thinks so too.

Sample 2

Human speech arose from the need to exchange information, communicate with each other, and understand each other. It exists in oral and written form. When speaking with an interlocutor, a person pauses, raises or lowers his voice, and changes intonation depending on the purpose of the statement or the degree of emotionality with which he speaks. How can he convey the content of the speech in writing, so that when reading, another person not only correctly understands the meaning, but is also imbued with the same feelings and emotions? I think that's why people created the punctuation system. Since then they have been performing their functions in the text.

Firstly, they separate sentences in the text, parts of a complex sentence, homogeneous members in a simple sentence, separate direct speech from the words of the author, a generalizing word from homogeneous members, and help thoughts maintain structure and order. The dot and ellipsis, question and exclamation marks, colon and dash and, of course, the comma are used here correctly. Let's pay attention to sentence 22. There is a question mark at the end of the sentence. Without it, would we have read the sentence with a questioning intonation? Of course not, because the author did not use any question words. A different intonation would lead to a distortion of the meaning conveyed by the author.

Secondly, punctuation marks highlight certain parts of a sentence; in place of these marks we make special pauses, raise or lower our voice. This is where commas and quotation marks come into play. Let's look at sentences 9-10, in which quotation marks highlight direct speech, words written large by a little violinist on a white sheet of paper. Thanks to the signs placed in the sentence, we understand exactly what details Kintel paid attention to, how persistently the talented girl achieves her goal, how talented she is.

This means that not only the words included in the text help the author to depict events, express thoughts and feelings, but also the punctuation marks he places. They help us move through the text, slow down or speed up, and make short or long stops and pauses. You just have to imagine for a moment that all these clever pointers have disappeared from the text, and you will immediately understand: misunderstandings between the author and the reader are inevitable. This means that the main function of speech is not fulfilled. So, there is no way to do without punctuation, especially for a person who wants to convey his thoughts accurately and deeply and understand the thoughts of others.

Sample 3

The question of the role of punctuation marks in written speech and the need to know the rules of punctuation, which worried Anton and Kirill, also arose among my classmates. Our opinions were also divided. Some guys, mainly those who have difficulties with the Russian language, believe, like Kirill, that you can easily do without commas, dashes and other symbols, because “everything is clear anyway.” Others, on the contrary, are confident, like Anton, of their necessity. And indeed, it is difficult to disagree with Anton, because punctuation marks are such important functions!

Firstly, they separate sentences in the text, parts of a complex sentence, homogeneous members, and separate direct speech from the words of the author. The presence of dots at the end of a sentence helps the author convey the narrative intonation, and the ellipsis he placed at the end of 24, 25 and 28 sentences is not only a dividing sign, but also allows him to express the state of the hero: thoughtfulness, absorption in his feelings, the power of the influence of music on his soul.

Secondly, signs highlight isolated parts of a sentence, direct speech. For example, highlighting introductory words with commas in sentences 11 and 14 tells the reader where a pause is necessary, helps not only to read the sentence with the correct intonation, but also to understand that the hero is shocked by the heroine, her appearance and the game that he examines the girl very carefully.

K. Paustovsky was right when he compared punctuation marks with musical notations: they guide intonation, help the author to formulate thoughts and convey feelings, and the reader to understand them. Without punctuation, such communication would be difficult. And for those who have doubts, you can offer an experiment: remove all commas, dashes, periods from the text - in a word, all the signs, try to read it. I think you will understand why a system of punctuation marks arose in the language.

Sample 4

Is it possible to imagine written speech without punctuation? Do we really need these strange sticks, dots, hooks?.. Or maybe it’s quite possible to do without them? Make your life easier without having to learn a lot of rules? Let's try to understand these issues.

For example, in sentence 9, commas are used to list homogeneous subjects. If these punctuation marks are replaced with periods, then you get three one-part nominal sentences. They are distinguished by semantic completeness and narrative intonation. This is the semantic function of punctuation marks.

There is also an intonation function. It is illustrated in the twelfth sentence. If you change the period to an exclamation mark, the intonation will change: “That’s what a thousand years are!”

The text contains paired punctuation marks: quotation marks (1), commas (1,15) and parentheses (16). Such signs are classified as highlighting, because they highlight a word, phrase or even a sentence from the entire text.

I believe that it is impossible to do without punctuation marks in writing. They are necessary because without them any text becomes incomprehensible. Therefore Anton is right.

Sample 5

If there were no punctuation marks, the text would be a collection of words. The word “punctuation” itself means “stop”, “full stop”. Stop, reader, think! What does the author want to say?

Russian punctuation is very meaningful and expressive.Let's take an ordinary comma. It seems like the simplest sign. And she can list, highlight, divide. For example, in the sentence (No...) she identifies a separate definition, a separate circumstance, an introductory word. In sentences (No....) separates homogeneous members; in a sentence (No…) separates simple sentences within a complex sentence.

Question and exclamation marks are very expressive. For example, in the sentence (No…), the exclamation mark immediately attracts the reader’s attention. If it were not there, then this sentence would be lost in the text, and we would not pay attention to how beautiful and expressive a single leaf of a tree is.

Punctuation marks are so expressive that they can serve as an artistic image:

Give me the river backwaters full of sky,
In the sharp sparkles of the stars,

And the slopes are steep,

I won’t touch a blade of grass in the fields of late afternoon,

I’ll just mark some commas here and there...

The rhetorical question (No...) makes you think about the problem raised by the author. Typically, a rhetorical question does not require an answer.

So, by expressing our thoughts in writing, we strive to be understood correctly. And punctuation marks help us with this.

Sample 6

Why is punctuation needed? I believe that the writer must firmly know what semantic connotation he wants to give to his statement and its individual parts and what techniques he should use for this.

In this text the author uses different punctuation marks. But most of all commas. In sentence (No...), punctuation marks are used within the sentence, commas highlight the introductory word. And in sentence (No...), commas separate three simple sentences as part of a complex sentence. There is also an exclamation point in the text. The author uses it to express his admiration. A very expressive exclamation mark. If it were not there, then this sentence would be lost in the text, and we would not pay attention to it.

Thus, punctuation marks in writing are necessary because they not only place emotional accents, but also help to correctly convey the meaning of the sentence.

Sample 7

Today it is difficult for us to imagine that books were once printed without punctuation marks. They have become so familiar to us that sometimes we simply don’t notice them, which means we can’t appreciate them. Meanwhile, the role of punctuation in written speech is enormous.

Punctuation marks can perform dividing, emphasizing, intonation, and semantic functions. K. Paustovsky's text is characterized by a variety of punctuation marks. For example, a dot is separation sign. Using it at the end of sentences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., the author shows the boundary between statements.

Very important excretory function punctuation marks. So, in sentence 3 the introductory word “perhaps” is highlighted with a comma, and in sentence 24 the introductory word “may” and the clarifying circumstance “under a young pine tree” are highlighted.

In conclusion, I would like to say that Anton is, of course, right: it really is impossible to do without punctuation marks.

Sample 8

Punctuation is an important branch of linguistics that studies the rules of punctuation. In my opinion, writing without punctuation is impossible.

So, for example, an exclamation point does intonation function. An example would be sentences 21, 22, 28. In them, the emotional state of the speaker is conveyed using an exclamation mark.

Additionally, one of the most common functions of punctuation marks is separation function. In sentence 2, a comma separates parts of a compound sentence, and in sentence 20, homogeneous predicates.

The variety of functions of punctuation marks allows us to conclude that punctuation is very important in written speech.

Sample 9

It’s hard not to agree with Anton’s idea that you can’t do without punctuation marks in writing, because they fulfill different functions and help to understand the meaning of what is written.

Separating function punctuation marks are, of course, one of the most common. It is typical for end-of-sentence marks, as well as commas, colons, and dashes. In sentence 31 from the text by K. Paustovsky, a colon separates a number of homogeneous subjects and a generalizing word.

Excretory function is also no less important. This can often be done by a comma and a dash. So, for example, using a double dash in sentence 11, an insertion sentence is formed. In sentence 5, commas highlight a separate definition of “born in the recesses of consciousness,” expressed by the participial phrase.

Thus, punctuation is a truly important section of linguistics, whose role in written speech is enormous.

Based on Internet materials

Source:

(1) To say that Stasya Michalskaya did not love her father would be unfair.

(2) She loved him, revered him as a man who cared about her and his brother, strong, devoted to his work... science, but she was also afraid.

(3) Stasya knew that her father loved her very much, but was trying to hide it for educational purposes.

(4) In the depths of her childhood memory, a feeling of some other relationship with her father remained. (5) Sometimes Stasya saw herself in a dream as a little girl, how, climbing onto her father’s knees, clinging to him, she looked at the fire, as if curling in a fireplace, inhaled the familiar smell of her father’s homemade flannel shirt, felt strong, careful hands closing behind her back.

(6) Probably, once everything was like this - the fireplace, melodiously muttering its fiery tale, the tenderness of the father penetrating her childish heart - but at some point it ended abruptly.

(7) Stasya didn’t remember how old she was then, but she remembered that one day, out of habit, she reached out to her father, and suddenly his face distorted, and he, screaming something angry, shook her off his lap like a kitten.

(8) Stasya fell and hit the back of her head on the floor.

(9) The father was terribly frightened by her crying, grabbed her in his arms, burst into tears - such a manifestation of weakness was actually unusual for him.

(10) But since then the girl has not repeated attempts to climb onto her father’s lap.

(11) She still felt his love for her, but from then on it seemed as if there was something between them. clear glass: Stasya’s every movement towards his father was fraught with pain, his every movement towards her was broken against an invisible barrier.

(12) But everyone knew that her mother did not love her: her father, Marianna, and Stefan, her mother’s favorite.

(13) Mom also took care of her, closely monitored Stasya’s diet, health, mood, pastime, and studies; She did the same for her son.

(14) But in her every gesture, glance addressed to Stefan, mother seemed to come to life, glowed from within, melted with tenderness, and everything she did for Stasya was dictated by automatic necessity, boring obligation.

(According to V. Vetkovskaya)

C2 Read the opinions of Anton and Kirill on the role of punctuation marks in a complex sentence.

In complex sentences it is impossible to do without punctuation marks...

Why do we need a comma, colon, dash, semicolon in complex sentences? Is it really impossible to do without them? Try to figure out what punctuation mark to put...

Help Anton prove his point.

Write an essay-reasoning: “What is the role of punctuation marks in a complex sentence?”

When thinking about the answer to the question, read the text by V. Vetkovskaya again.

Give 2 examples from the text you read, illustrating the different functions of punctuation marks in a complex sentence. When giving examples, indicate numbers necessary proposals or use citation. You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic only on linguistic material and/or in general cultural terms.

You can start your essay either with a phrase belonging to Anton or with your own statement.

You can write a paper on your own behalf or on behalf of Anton.

Composition

In complex sentences, a comma, semicolon, dash, or colon can be used. The role of these punctuation marks is enormous, because they perform different functions: separation, emphasis, semantic, intonation.

First, in complex syntactic constructions, punctuation marks often serve to separate parts. Let's consider sentence 13 from the text by V. Vetkovskaya. In it, a semicolon separates the parts of the non-union complex design. In the separating function, a comma is also used before the conjunction “a” in sentence 14, before the conjunction “but” in sentence 11. Here commas separate parts of complex syntactic constructions connected by a coordinating connection.

Secondly, in complex sentences commas can perform an excretory function. The argument for this is sentences 1, 12, 14, etc. In them, subordinate clauses are highlighted using commas (“that Stasya Michalskaya did not love her father,” “that her mother did not love her,” “what she did for Stasya”).

Colons and dashes in complex sentences can perform a semantic distinguishing function. For example, in sentence 9, the dash not only separates the parts of a non-union complex construction, but also signals that the second part of the sentence communicates a conclusion to what was said in the first part. The colon in sentence 11, performing a dividing function, warns that the part of the sentence following the punctuation mark will explain the meaning of what is said in the first part.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the given examples from the text by V. Vetkovskaya demonstrate the versatility of punctuation marks that are used in complex sentences. Dash, colon, comma, semicolon in complex sentences serve to internally divide the sentence into parts, and also help to understand the semantic relationships between them.