Selecting objects. Working with a chart
When working with drawings, it becomes necessary to copy or transfer some part of the image within one document or to other documents.
KOMPAS uses its own Clipboard mechanism (rather than the standard Windows clipboard). Having selected the desired part of the image and placed it in the buffer, you can then insert the objects in the buffer either into the same or into another document loaded for work. This eliminates the need to repeatedly draw identical or very similar objects.
There is no limit to the amount of information that can be placed on the clipboard. The contents of the buffer are stored on disk in a special system file.
The clipboard allows you to quickly and conveniently copy or transfer drawing objects. However, in cases where complex copying is required (for example, along a rectangular or concentric grid), use special editing commands.
Cut to clipboard used to place an object on the clipboard. This removes it from the document.
To clip objects to the buffer, do the following:
Select all document objects that you want to place on the clipboard by cutting.
Cut
(it is only available if there are selected objects in the active document) or press keyboard shortcuts
The cursor will change its appearance to a small coordinate system symbol. The system expects the indication of a point that will be the base point for the selected set of objects. You can enter the desired coordinate values in the fields of the Properties panel.
If objects belonging to different drawing views or entire views are selected, then the origin of the coordinate system of the zero view (lower left corner of the drawing sheet) will be automatically taken as the base point.
After entering the coordinates of the base point or specifying its position, the selected objects will be copied to the clipboard and deleted from the document.
Copy to clipboard used to place an object on the clipboard. However, it remains in the document.
To copy objects to the clipboard, follow these steps:
Select all document objects that you want to copy to the clipboard.
Select a team Editor > Copy
(it is only available if there are selected objects in the active document)
Please note that the previous contents of the clipboard will be deleted.
The cursor changes its appearance to a small coordinate system, and the system waits for a point to be specified that will be the base point for the selected set of objects. You can enter the desired coordinate values for the base point in the fields of the Properties panel.
After entering the coordinates of the base point or specifying its position, the selected objects will be copied to the clipboard.
Copy to clipboard can be done differently:
select the objects you want to copy;
press the right mouse button to bring up the context menu.
In the context menu that appears, select Copy . You can click the button instead Copy in the Standard panel; In this case, the cursor will change its appearance to a small coordinate system, and in the message line the system asks you to indicate the base point for copying.
After specifying a base point, the object will be copied to the clipboard and the previous contents of the clipboard will be deleted.
Pasting objects from the clipboard used to place an object on the clipboard at a specified location in the document.
To paste objects from the clipboard into a document, follow these steps:
Select the command from the Editor menu Insert
or press the key combination
A phantom of objects pasted from the buffer will appear on the screen.
Use the cursor to point at the point to insert or enter the required values for its coordinates in the fields of the Properties panel.
Once the base point is fixed, the contents of the clipboard are pasted into the document. You can continue inserting objects, placing them in the desired places in the document. There is no limit to the number of buffer inserts that can be performed in one command call.
To finish pasting the contents of the clipboard into the document, press
Copy a view(or several types) with all the objects located in it to the same or another drawing. There is no special command for copying a view. For this purpose, the clipboard (Clipboard) COMPASS is used.
To copy the view(s), follow these steps:
Select the view(s) in any convenient way (see Selecting a view).
Call the command Editor > Copy or press the key combination "Ctrl"+"C" or "Ctrl" + "Insert". The selected view(s) will be copied to the clipboard.
Since the base point is known for each view, the system does not prompt for its position, as when normally copying objects to the buffer.
To paste a view from the clipboard into another drawing:
open the drawing into which you want to paste the copied view(s);
run the command Editor > Insert, or press the key combination "Ctrl"+"V" or "Shift" + "Insert". The view(s) will be pasted from the clipboard into the drawing.
If a view with the same number already exists in the drawing, the system checks whether the contents of the view from the clipboard can be pasted into it (merge views). To combine views, the condition of complete coincidence of numbers, coordinates of base points, rotation angles and scales must be met (system views always satisfy these conditions). If this cannot be done due to differences in scales and rotation angles of the views, a new view is created and assigned the first available number.
If you need to copy the view(s) into the same drawing, you can bypass the clipboard by using the standard mouse copy technique (see Copying Objects with the Mouse above). In this case, the system does not try to merge views, but creates a new view, assigning it the first unoccupied number. The name of the copy of the view is the same as the name of the original.
Any graphic object can be moved in a spreadsheet document, as well as copied, creating several objects based on one sample object.
Moving a graphic object. To move a graphic object, you need to drag it with the mouse to a new location. A dotted frame (or line, if the line moves) that represents an object as you move the mouse will help position it in a spreadsheet document.
The graphic object also moves when you press the cursor keys on the keyboard.
Copying a graphic object. To copy a graphic object, drag it with the mouse while pressing the Ctrl key.
If you release the Ctrl key while transferring a copy of an object, the object will not be copied, but moved.
Using the clipboard. You can use the Microsoft Windows clipboard to move and copy graphic objects.
The position of the inserted object (or group of objects) will be determined as follows: the upper left corner of an imaginary rectangular frame outlined around the inserted objects is placed in the upper left corner of the active cell of the spreadsheet document.
Changing the order of graphic objects
When several graphic objects partially or completely overlap each other, it is important to set the order of their arrangement to achieve the desired graphic effect.
The new drawn object is always placed in the foreground and overlaps the objects below it. If you imagine that all objects are placed one above the other, you will get a multi-layered structure in which each object has its own order (layer). The top layer contains an object that always follows in front of all objects. Using the placement order commands, you can force an object to be placed behind all other objects (in the bottom layer), and vice versa, to move it in front of all (in the top layer), as well as one layer up or down.
To transfer an object, you need to select the object and select one of the items in the Order submenu of the context menu:
● Bring to front – to move the object in front of all objects.
● Send to Back – to move an object behind all other objects.
● Move Up – to move the object one layer up.
● Move Down – to move the object one layer down.
Deleting graphic objects
To delete a drawn object, select it and select Edit – Delete. You can delete an object if you first select the entire range of cells on which the graphic object is located. If, when selected, some part of the object ends up on other cells, the object will remain in the spreadsheet document, but its dimensions can be changed.
Grouping graphic objects
Several graphic objects can be grouped (combined into one graphic object).
To group graphic objects, select several objects in any way.
Rice. 218. Selecting multiple graphic objects
Select Table – Pictures – Group.
Rice. 219. Graphic objects are grouped
You can operate on a composite graphic object, obtained by grouping several objects, as you would on a regular graphic object.
If required, a compound object can be ungrouped. To do this, select a composite graphic object and select Table – Pictures – Ungroup.
Graphic object names
Graphic objects, like cells in a spreadsheet document, can be assigned names. Names are assigned using the Names dialog (Table – Names).
Newly created graphic objects in the “Configurator” mode are assigned default names consisting of the letter D and the serial number of the graphic object.
Working with a chart
Using the spreadsheet document editor, you can include a special graphic object - a diagram, which allows you to place diagrams and graphs of various types in spreadsheet documents of the 1C:Enterprise system. The diagram can be created using the built-in language (in reports) or inserted by the user to analyze tabular data. Below is a description of the steps for a user to place a diagram.
Creating a Chart
To create a chart you need to do the following:
● in a spreadsheet document, draw a rectangle of the desired size with the mouse in the place where you intend to place the diagram;
● specify the range of cells based on which the chart will be built (the range can be changed at any time).
If you first select the desired range of cells with source data, then when inserting a chart, the spreadsheet document editor does not prompt you to enter the range. When inserted, a chart immediately produces a representation of the data specified in the selected area.
After creating the diagram, you need to activate it, for example, by double-clicking the mouse, and customize its appearance by selecting property values in the properties palette.
Chart data area
For a spreadsheet document, you can configure a chart to use the data entered in the spreadsheet document.
Let's assume there is data in a spreadsheet document.
Rice. 220. Spreadsheet document. Chart data area.
To build a histogram based on this data, follow these steps:
● select the area of cells that includes the table (in this example, surrounded by a frame);
● select Table – Pictures – Diagram;
● post a diagram.
A chart will appear in the spreadsheet document that represents the specified data graphically. The chart type, title, area sizes, plot colors and many other parameters are configured in the chart properties palette.
Rice. 221. Spreadsheet document. Inserting a diagram.
To customize the diagram, use the toolbar (Edit – Properties of the main menu).
Working with OLE objects
One of the universal capabilities of applications running on the Microsoft Windows operating system is the ability to use embedded objects, also called OLE objects. An OLE object is a part of the current document that was created by another Windows application. Such an OLE object, like any drawn object, is a full-fledged part of the document with the only difference that to edit such an object the application that created this object will be loaded.
To create an OLE object, you must perform the following steps:
● select Table – Pictures – Insert object;
● draw a rectangle of the desired size with the mouse in the place where you intend to place the OLE object;
● in the prompt displayed on the screen, select the type of object to be implemented.
This will load the Windows program that supports editing objects of the specified type. In this case, the appearance of the “Configurator” mode window will change slightly: functions will appear in the main and context menus, and toolbars specific to the called program will appear on the work field.
ATTENTION! Programs for creating OLE objects are not included in the package. These are separate Windows applications that are licensed software products. You should read the documentation that came with it about using the called program.
● If necessary, edit the OLE object.
● Finish editing the OLE object by clicking anywhere in the workspace of the spreadsheet document outside the object.
Once created, an OLE object has all the properties inherent in “regular” drawn objects: you can change its size and position, copy it using the mouse or clipboard, arrange it with other objects in any way you like, and delete it as unnecessary. You can learn about performing these operations from the “Using Graphic Objects” paragraph here.
But besides this, the OLE object can be edited - its contents can be changed. To edit an OLE object, you need to double-click on it. As a result, the Windows program in which this object was created will be loaded, and you can edit the embedded object.
Any object, before any action is performed on it, must be selected. The selected object's icon and label color changes. Windows 95 has several options for selecting objects:
1. one object is selected by clicking on its icon;
2. several objects placed in random order are selected by clicking the mouse while pressing the Ctrl key;
3. several objects located sequentially are highlighted in two ways:
Place the mouse pointer next to the first of the selected objects, press the left button and, without releasing it, drag the mouse across the screen, all objects falling into the expanding rectangular area will be selected;
Click on the first selected object and press the Shift key on the last one, a rectangular area is selected.
4. all objects in the folder are selected from the Edit menu – Select all.
Copying - moving.
Copy is the operation of creating a copy of an object in a new location. The position of the original object will not change. When copied, the object seems to multiply.
Moving is the operation of moving an object to a new location. When moving, an object was alone and remains alone; only its location changes.
In Windows 95, there are many ways to copy and move objects. Let's look at the most common ones.
Copying – moving using the “drag and drop” method:
1. Open two folders on the screen at the same time: the folder with the objects that need to be copied (moved) and the folder into which the copying (moving) will be performed.
2. Select the object or objects to be copied or moved.
3. To copy, you need to press the Ctrl key and, hooking the object or objects with the mouse pointer, drag it to the destination while holding down the left button. To move, do not press the Ctrl key.
Copying - moving using Explorer.
1. Open Explorer.
2. Set the object to be copied/moved into visible in the left panel, and the object to be copied/moved into the right panel.
3. Select the object(s) in the right panel.
4. To copy, you need to press the Ctrl key and, hooking the selected object or objects with the mouse pointer, drag it to the left panel while holding down the left button, while the object into which you are copying should be selected. To move, do not press the Ctrl key.
Unsuccessful results of copying or moving objects can be corrected immediately. If immediately after performing these operations you find a result that you did not expect, run the command Edit - Undo copying (moving).
Copying - moving using the clipboard.
Clipboard– a place for temporary storage of information. It is located in the computer's memory, so its contents disappear when the power is turned off or when the computer is restarted. You can store everything in it: folders, files, documents, fragments of text. The clipboard is used so that information temporarily stored on it can be pasted into another object.
To work with the clipboard, use the Edit menu commands: Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Shortcut or the same commands from the context menu.
Cut– moves the selected object to the buffer, and the object in its original place disappears.
Copy– transfers a copy of the selected object to the buffer while preserving the original in its original place.
Insert– copies the contents of the clipboard to the position of the mouse pointer or cursor. The contents of the clipboard are saved, so the insertion operation can be performed as many times as desired. An object in the clipboard is replaced only when new information is written to it.
Insert shortcut– places a shortcut with a link to an object placed on the clipboard. Placement is made in the folder from the menu from which this command was executed.
Rules for using the clipboard:
1. Open the folder from which copying - moving will be done.
2. Select object(s)
3. Call the context menu.
4. To copy to the clipboard, use the Copy command; to move, use the Cut command.
5. Open the folder into which the copying - moving will be done.
6. In an empty space inside the folder, open the context menu and execute the Paste command.
Renaming.
1. Select the object whose name is to be changed.
2. Execute the command File – Rename or call the context menu and execute the Rename command.
3. Enter a new object name in the icon label field.
Delete.
The delete operation is performed if the object has become unnecessary for further work or the user destroys the object by mistake. To protect the user from errors, Windows 95 provides a special folder called the Recycle Bin. Any object to be deleted is placed in this folder. Basic rules for deleting objects:
Select an object or group of objects.
Using the drag-and-drop method, drag the item to the Trash or press
Delete or execute the command File – Delete or the Delete command of the context menu.
In this case, the objects are placed in the Recycle Bin, from which they can be restored if necessary. By selecting the Trash icon and executing the Empty Trash command from the context menu, objects are completely and irrevocably destroyed.
Recovery.
Objects can be restored using the command Edit - Undo Deletion, when quickly restoring erroneously deleted objects, and returned from the Recycle Bin if it has not been emptied. This way, you can even restore objects that were deleted several days or weeks ago. To return items from the Recycle Bin you must:
Open cart.
Select the object(s) that need to be restored.
Execute the command File – Restore or the Restore command from the context menu.
In this case, the objects will be returned to their original place, i.e. to the folder in which they were located before deletion. If you need to place the restored object in a new location, you need to use the “drag and drop” method or the clipboard. To do this: expand the Trash and the folder in which you want to restore the object and drag the object to the expanded folder.
Quick view.
This is an operation that allows you to see the contents of a document without calling a special program for working with documents of this type. To view documents, Windows 95 opens a special window, with its help you can see the contents of text files, pictures, tables, etc. Moreover, the system itself determines the type of window suitable for viewing this document. Basic viewing rules:
Select the required document;
Execute the File – Quick View command or the Quick View command from the context menu.
Search.
In order to find an object in Windows 95, it would be good to know its name and approximate location, and if in addition to this you know the approximate date or time interval of its creation, then the search will be even faster. As a last resort, you need to know a few letters of the name or two or three words from the text of the document.
Click the Start button and select Search - Files and Folders. The “Find: All Files” window opens on the “Name and Location” tab. If you know the creation date, you can select the Date Modified tab, and the Advanced tab allows you to enter a piece of text.
If you double-click on the found object, you can launch it for execution.
Launching programs.
Windows 95 provides the following ways to start programs:
If there is already a button with the name of the program on the Taskbar, click once on this button;
If there is a program icon or a shortcut icon with a link to it on the Desktop or in an expanded folder, double-click on the icon;
Use the Main menu item Programs, find the corresponding icon and click on it;
If you know the name and location of the program, use the Main Menu command Run.
Working with floppy disks.
Pentium computers are equipped with a floppy drive with a diameter of 3.5 inches and a capacity of 1.44 MB. The floppy disk must be formatted before use.
Formatting is the process of creating electronic marks that allow data to be written to a specified location on a disk. When formatting, any information from the disk is destroyed and cannot be restored.
To work with a floppy disk, you need to double-click on the My Computer icon, select the floppy disk icon, and execute the necessary command from the File menu or the context menu:
To format a floppy disk, run Format and select a formatting mode (full - the entire surface of the disk is checked, quick - files are erased, but no errors are checked);
To read information from a floppy disk – execute Open;
To copy the entire contents of one floppy disk to another, run the Copy disk command;
To quickly open a floppy disk, just double-click on the floppy disk icon in the open My Computer window. To copy and move files to a floppy disk, all standard copying and moving methods are used. You need to remember the following: if you drag an object within one drive using the “drag and drop” method, it will be moved; if you drag an object to another drive, in particular to a floppy disk, using the same method, it will be copied. To move an object from one disk to another, you must use the clipboard or drag and drop with the right mouse button.
To copy objects to a floppy disk, it is convenient to use the context menu. You need to select objects, call the context menu and execute the Send to floppy command.
Context menu: Properties.
All context menus contain the Properties command, which describes the parameters of the selected object. Since an object can be a disk, a Desktop, an application, or a folder, an individual set of properties is formed in each specific case. For example:
If you select drive C in the open My Computer window and execute the Properties command in the context menu, you can get detailed information about the parameters of the hard drive: disk capacity, the amount of free and used disk space, and in the Tools tab, access disk maintenance programs;
If you select a folder, then by executing the Properties command of the context menu, you can see the name of the folder, its size in bytes, the number of files and folders in it, the creation date, attributes, and in the Access tab you can see who is allowed access to the folder while working on the local network;
If you select a shortcut to a program, then by executing the Properties command of the context menu, you can see the name of the shortcut, the Program tab shows the command line for calling the program and its location, here you can change the shortcut icon, in the Screen tab you can set the full-screen mode of the program, etc. .
To perform any operation the system Windows provides several different methods. Working with objects in Windows can be performed using the mouse and keyboard, context menu commands, and window menu commands.
In order to perform any actions on an object, it must be selected. To do this, just click on its icon. Some operations (copying, deleting, moving) can be performed on several objects at once. To select several adjacent objects, you need to circle them while holding down the left mouse button. In this case, the mouse pointer will draw a rectangular frame. If objects are located in different places of the window, then they should be selected by clicking the mouse while holding down the key. To select all objects in the window, use the command Edit/Select All (keyboard combination - [A]). Moving objects is often required to bring order to disks: icons and shortcuts are moved between folder windows and the Desktop.
Mouse movement. If the source and destination folders are on the same disk, then you can move an object from folder to folder by dragging the mouse (moving the mouse while holding down the left key). If the folders are on different drives, then while dragging you need to hold down the key. You can also use special drag and drop (while holding down the right key). Upon completion of dragging, a menu opens in which you need to select the item Move.
Moving with toolbar buttons. In this case, the object is transferred via the clipboard. In the source window, click on the button Cut, and in the receiving window – on the button Paste from clipboard. Clipboard Windows is a special area in the computer's RAM in which Windows objects can be temporarily stored. It is widely used to transfer data between applications. The clipboard allows you to use multiple programs to design one document. IN Windows There is a special program for viewing the contents of the clipboard. It is called by the command Start / Programs / Accessories / System Tools / Clipboard.
Moving menu bar commands. In the source folder window, select the menu command Edit/Cut , and in the target folder window - the command Edit/Paste
. Navigate using the context menu. Right-click on the icon of the desired object and select the item in the context menu that opens Cut. In the receiver window, in an empty space, also right-click and select the item in the context menu Insert. This method is useful when moving objects between windows and the Desktop, since the Desktop has neither a menu bar nor toolbar buttons.
Move using the keyboard. This is the fastest way. The key combination -[X] deletes the selected object to the clipboard, and the key combination -[V] pastes it to a new location.
Copy by dragging. If copying occurs from one disk to another, then the object is simply dragged with the mouse. If an object is copied within the same disk, then while dragging you must hold down the key. When using special drag and drop, select the item from the menu that opens Copy.
Copying using toolbar buttons. In the initial window, click on the button Copy, and in another window – on the button Insert.
Copying with menu commands. In the source window they give the command Edit/Copy , and in the receiving window - the command Edit/Paste .
Copy using the context menu. In the context menu of the copied object, select the item Copy. In another window, right-click on an empty space and select the item in the menu that opens Insert.
Copying with keyboard commands. The -[C] command copies an object to the clipboard, and the -[V] command pastes it to a new location.
If you click on the object icon and then on its signature, a text cursor will appear in the signature. At this point, the signature can be edited.
To rename an object in the window of the folder containing it, you can issue the command File/Rename Rename.
Please remember that you cannot rename multiple objects at once.
IN Windows There is a special “safe” tool for removing objects - Basket. When you delete objects in the Recycle Bin, they do not cease to physically exist on the hard drive, but are only marked as “deleted.”
You can delete an object by dragging its icon onto the Trash icon. In the folder window, you can use the menu command to delete objects File/Delete and button Remove toolbars. The object's context menu also contains the item Delete. The easiest way to delete is using the keyboard: just select the object with a mouse click and press the key. In either case, the OS will display a dialog box asking the user to confirm the deletion.
Objects deleted to the Recycle Bin can be restored. To do this, open the Recycle Bin window, select the desired objects and give the command File/Restore . You can also use the point Restore context menu of the desired object. In addition, the desired object can be restored by dragging its icon to its original location or to the Desktop.
To permanently delete objects, i.e. physical removal from the disk, you should give the command in the Recycle Bin window File/Empty Trash or select item Empty trash in its context menu. If you need to remove only some objects from the Recycle Bin, you should select the necessary objects in the Recycle Bin window and give the command File/Delete . A dialog box will open Confirming the deletion of a group of files. You have to click on the button Yes, and the selected items will disappear from the Recycle Bin and the hard drive.
It should be remembered that files and folders deleted from floppy disks are not placed in the Recycle Bin, but are deleted immediately and forever.
Creating a new folder. You should right-click anywhere in the working area of the window where the new folder should be located, or on the Desktop and select the item in the context menu that opens Create, subparagraph Folder. A folder icon with a signature will appear on the screen new folder and the cursor in the signature. You can enter the desired name and press the key. You can also create a new folder inside an existing folder using the window menu command File/New/Folder . A new folder cannot be created in the My Computer, Trash, and some other windows.
Create an object shortcut. If the object for which you want to create a shortcut is present on the screen (on the Desktop or in an open folder window), then a shortcut for it is created by special dragging. If an item is not visible on the screen, you can create a shortcut for it using Masters– a special system program designed to automatically perform service operations.
In the first case, after specially dragging the object icon, a menu opens, in which there is an item Create shortcut(s). When you select this item, a shortcut is created whose name begins with the words Shortcut for... This name can be changed with any rename command.
In the second case, right-click on an empty space on the Desktop (or in the workspace of a folder window) and select the item in the context menu Create/Shortcut . This will open a wizard window Create a shortcut. In the wizard's command line, you need to enter the search path for the object for which the shortcut is being created, or use the button Browse to find the required object. Clicking a button Next> opens the window Selecting the program name. Here you need to enter the name of the shortcut. By clicking a button Ready a new shortcut will be created. If a shortcut is created for a newly installed program, the wizard will prompt you to select an icon for it.
Even with a well-thought-out organization of information on disks, it is not easy to find the desired object by navigating through the folder hierarchy. Windows OS allows you to search for objects in several ways.
Quickly search for an object in a folder. You need to open the folder in which the object you are looking for is located and press the key with the first character in the object name. The closest object whose name begins with this character will be highlighted. Pressing the same key again will highlight the next matching item. In this way, all folder objects whose names begin with this character are iterated.
Searching for an object by label. An object and its shortcuts can be located in different folders. To find an object, you need to open the window of the folder containing the shortcut, select it and give the command File/Properties (or select item Properties shortcut context menu). Then in the window that opens Properties go to tab Label and press the command button Find object. The folder containing the original object will be displayed.
Search by complex criteria. In OS Windows there is a special team Find. It can be launched from the Main Menu ( Start/Search/Files and Folders ) or from the context menu of the My Computer folder or button Start(paragraph Find). This command opens a dialog box Find, containing three tabs.
On the tab Name and location In a special text field you can enter the name of the file you are looking for or a name template using the symbols? And *. You can search multiple files at the same time. To do this in the field Name you need to enter file names or name patterns separated by a space character. If you know the approximate location of the file (drive, folder), you can limit the search by selecting the known drive and folder from the list Where to look. In field Search text You can specify a keyword or phrase contained in the file you are looking for.
Tab date allows you to limit the search based on the date of the last access to the files you are looking for.
On the tab Additionally You can specify the type of file you are looking for and its size.
Having entered all the search criteria, you need to click on the button Find. The window will expand and a panel with search results will appear. You can perform all valid operations with found objects (copy, open, etc.), as in a regular folder window. Only on the menu File a new team appears Open the folder containing the object, which opens the folder with the desired file.
Topic No. 1. Microsoft Windows operating system: general principles of operation, standard programs and functions of the Windows environment, basic scope of actions
Purpose of the lesson: familiarization with the interface of the Windows operating system, making basic settings of the operating system (OS), working with standard Windows programs: calculator, WordPad, Paint, utilities (disk defragmentation, disk cleanup), using special features (on-screen keyboard, screen magnifier ).
Equipment: computer running Windows OS, pen, teaching aid, lecture notebook. A short theoretical course on the topic of the lesson:
After turning on the computer, Windows automatically loads. After which the main space for performing actions, called the “Desktop,” opens on the screen. At the bottom of the desktop, by default, there is a taskbar on which there is a button, toolbars (for example, the language bar, quick launch), a notification area containing icons for active and urgent notifications, and a clock. The button is intended to activate the main menu of the system, which contains icons for various components and programs installed in the system, as well as for the ability to shut down work, restart the computer, etc. On the Desktop there are icons My Computer, My Documents, Recycle Bin and shortcuts (pointers to other objects : programs, documents, disks). The distinguishing feature of the shortcut is the arrow in the lower left corner.
The main control tool in Windows is the computer mouse. The basic techniques for working with the mouse are: hovering over an object, left-clicking (selecting an object or clicking a button), double-clicking the left mouse button (launching an action), right-clicking the mouse (calling up the context menu of a button or icon).
Right-clicking on an empty space on the Desktop brings up a context menu that allows you to perform actions with Desktop objects, as well as access the OS design settings menu - wallpaper, screen saver, window appearance (“Properties”).
Work in the OS occurs in Windows, called by launching any objects (icons). In the upper right corner of the Windows OS there are corresponding buttons for customizing the appearance of windows, allowing you to minimize the window, maximize it (enlarge it to fit the screen, maximize it) or perform the opposite action (minimize it), as well as close the window. Switching between windows can be done by selecting the corresponding window with the left mouse button, and in expanded form - through the taskbar or using the Alt+Tab key combination.
If it is impossible to display the entire contents of an object (folder, document) in the window, scroll bars appear on the right and bottom sides, allowing you to scroll through the entire contents of the object by dragging the slider or clicking the corresponding end arrows at the top and bottom of the scroll bar, or using the mouse wheel (if available).
IN Windows OS has a number of standard programs and utility applications: Calculator, Notepad, simple text editor WordPad, simple graphic editor Paint. In the “Utilities” submenu you can find tools for cleaning and defragmenting your hard drive.
For the convenience of people with disabilities, there are On-Screen Keyboard and On-Screen Magnifier located in the “Accessibility” submenu.
To speed up your computer, you need to perform regular cleaning and defragmentation of your hard drive. These actions can be performed by standard Windows utility tools. These programs are located in the Start menu → Programs → Accessories → System Tools.
IN Currently, work in internal local networks of organizations using shared resources is widespread
And documents. In Windows OS, browsing and working on the network is carried out through the “Network Neighborhood” menu.
Shutting down the computer, rebooting Windows, and entering sleep mode are performed by selecting the appropriate action in the “Shut down” item in the “Start” menu.
1. Place shortcuts on your desktop in random order. Organize your desktop icons by type.
Move the mouse cursor to one of the icons, press the left mouse button and, while holding it, drag it to the side.
Call the context menu (right mouse button) of the desktop (the mouse cursor should be in a place on the screen free from shortcuts), select the “Arrange icons” command, move the cursor to the “Type” command and click the left mouse button.
2. Customize your desktop background.
Call the context menu (right-click) on a free space on the desktop, select the “Properties” command.
In the window that appears, select the “Desktop” tab, select any picture by pressing the left button and click “OK”. 3. Determine the current time (accurate to the second) and date.
Move the cursor to the clock on the taskbar and double-click with the left button. Close the window by clicking the cross in the upper right corner.
4. Examine the contents of the “My Computer” folder.
Double-click to open the “My Computer” window and look for the hard drive, 3.5 drive, and other possible devices.
5. Launch standard programs: Calculator, WordРad, Paint. Move the mouse cursor to the upper right corner of the WordRad window and find the buttons: minimize window, restore window (maximize window), close window.
→ “Programs” → “Standard” Try the above commands with program windows.
6. Arrange the windows in a cascade, from left to right, from top to bottom.
Move the mouse cursor to an empty space on the taskbar and call up the context menu, select the command: windows in a cascade, windows from left to right, windows from top to bottom.
7. Use the calculator to calculate the example: 15*(24+17) - 40/(58-39)
Find the calculator program button on the taskbar, point the mouse cursor at it and press the left button. Count the example by entering all the characters sequentially using the mouse.
8. Close all application programs except WordPad and Paint.
9. In the WordPad editor, type the following text, following the formatting:
10 interesting scientific facts
In October 1999, an iceberg the size of London broke off from Antarctica.
In 8 minutes and 17 seconds, sunlight from the surface of the sun reaches the Earth.
10% of all people born are alive today.
For the Americans (since they measure in miles), the speed of light is rounded down and equals 186,000 miles per second. In meters, its value is: 299,792,458 m/s or 186,287.49 miles per second.
DNA was discovered in 1869 by Swiss scientist Johann Friedrich Mische.
The structure of the DNA molecule (double helix) was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.
The thermometer was invented by Galileo in 1607.
The Englishman Roger Bacon invented the magnifying glass in 1250.
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1866.
In 1901, Wilhelm Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of short-wave electromagnetic radiation in 1895.
In order to make text bold, you need to select the desired segment of the typed text by clicking the left mouse button at the beginning and dragging the mouse pointer to the end of this segment of text, and after selecting it, click the button on the toolbar
To move the cursor to the next line, you must press the “Enter” key before the desired word.
To type in English, you must select English from the language bar on the taskbar or by pressing Ctrl+Shift or Shift+Alt on the keyboard. 8
To highlight text with italics or underlining, you need to select the desired text and click the corresponding button on the WordPad toolbar.
To create a bulleted list (adding icons), you must click the button on the toolbar before typing
10. Save the typed text in RTF format under a name containing your full name and group number (1) in a folder as directed by the teacher and close the WordPad program.
From the File menu bar in WordPad, select Save As. In the window that appears, in the “Save in” (or “Folder”) line, select the “My Documents” folder. In the File Name line, enter the specified name. The “File type” line should be RTF. Click the "Save" button. To close the window, click the cross in the upper right corner.
11. In the Paint graphic editor, create a simple multi-colored drawing (for example, draw the flag of the Russian Federation).
In order to depict a flag, it is necessary to divide the existing sheet with two horizontal stripes of any type and color from those located on the left. After this, you need to click the mouse to select the desired color on the palette, and then, using the Fill tool, fill the areas of the drawing with the appropriate color.
12. Save the created drawing in JPEG format under a name containing your full name and group number (2) in the folder as directed by the teacher and close the Paint program.
From Paint's File menu bar, select Save As. In the window that appears, select the folder as directed by the teacher. In the File Name line, enter the specified name. The “File type” line should be JPEG. Click the "Save" button. To close the window, click the cross in the upper right corner.
13. Copy the created picture and paste it into a document created in WordPad.
To do this, open the created drawing in the Paint editor by right-clicking on the drawing file, selecting “Open with”, then selecting the specified editor in the list of programs. After that, select the “Edit” tab → “Select All”, “Edit” → “Copy”. Then open the created document in the WordPad editor, select the "Edit" → "Paste" menu and then save the changes to the file.
14. Clear your local disk of temporary files.
To clean your disk from temporary and unnecessary files, select the built-in Disk Cleanup utility by clicking Start → Programs → Accessories → System Tools → Disk Cleanup. Here it is worth paying attention to the sections: “Temporary files”, “Temporary files from the Internet” and “Trash” (you can also empty the Trash by selecting the appropriate item by right-clicking on the “Trash” icon). It is better not to touch the remaining menu items. After selecting the items required for cleaning, click “OK”.
15. Analyze the need to defragment the local disk.
To defragment a disk, select the built-in Disk Defragmenter utility by clicking Start → Programs → Accessories → System Tools → Disk Defragmenter. After starting the program, select the required disk and click the “Analyze” button. After performing the analysis, close this program. Don't defragment.
Performing DIY tasks in a Windows environment:
1. Create a text document in the WordPad editor containing any quatrain you know.
2. After typing the text, edit it using all the text formatting methods you know.
3. Save the document on your desktop in RTF format under the name “Verse+Full Name+Group No.”
4. Using the Paint graphic editor, create any multi-colored drawing using all drawing methods.
5. Save the picture on your desktop in JPEG format under the name “Picture+Name+Group No.”
6. Copy the picture and paste it into a text document.
7. Remove the background and screensaver from your desktop. Delete the files you created from your desktop.
Test questions for a written answer:
1. Describe the process of creating a graphic file.
2. Describe the sequence of actions when transferring (copying) objects between documents.
3. Describe the sequence of actions when cleaning and defragmenting a disk.
