Information logistics and its system. Information logistics

· 1. Basic concepts and definitions of information logistics (IL).

· 2. Classification of information flows.

· 3. The hierarchy of the use of information in logistics.

· 4. "Relationships" of information and material flows.

· 5. Methods of identification and storage of data in drugs (bar coding) and information systems.

1. Basic concepts and definitions of information logistics (IL)

Information logistics- a functional area of ​​logistics, dealing with the study of information flows and their use for logistics management.

Logistic information- a purposefully collected set of facts, phenomena, events to ensure the process of drug management of the enterprise (information about the production, distribution, consumption of goods and services, etc.).

SP v LS have specific features that distinguish them from other types of information flows. These features are associated with the properties of drugs and have the following characteristics:

· Heterogeneity of information (qualitative heterogeneity of information used in drugs);

· Multiplicity (suppliers and consumers of information, as well as the number of transmissions of information in each direction);

· Complexity and difficulty in the visibility of information flows and their routing;

· Multivariate optimization of information flows.

2.Classification of information flows

Information flow(definition 1) - a set of indivisible quanta of information arising and circulating within the logistic system and between logistic systems and the external environment.

Information flow(definition 2) - the flow of messages in oral, documentary (paper and electronic) and other forms, accompanying material and other flows in drugs.

Information flows are designed to carry out logistics operations and control their implementation.

Logistic IP as a complex system is divided into a number of components:

· requisites- characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the information set. This is the elementary characteristic of a message. For example, the name of the organization, product, product price, etc. in the form of alphabetic, numeric or special characters;

· documentation- a piece of information with a specific topic and time characteristic;

· indicators- the basis of accounting, control, analysis of information. Serves as the basis for obtaining statistical, accounting or economic summary data and reports;

· arrays- a set of homogeneous data that have a single technological basis and are united by a common semantic content . The main elements of the array are records. The type of an array is determined by the content of its records. An information array named in an information LAN is called a file.

IP structuring by classification criteria:

1) in relation to logistic functions: elementary, complex, key, basic;

2) in relation to the logistics system and links of drugs: internal, external, horizontal, vertical, input, output;

3) by type of information carriers: paper, magnetic, electronic, others;

4) by the time of occurrence and frequency of use: regular, periodic, operational, On-line, Off-line;

5) according to the purpose of information or types of activity: administrative, organizational, directive, normative reference, accounting and analytical, reference, scientific, technical, auxiliary;

6) by the degree of openness and level of significance: open, closed, commercial, secret, simple, ordered;

7) by the method of transmission of information: couriers, mail, telephone, telegraph, radio, TV, e-mail, etc.

Information used in drugs can be considered useful if it can be used in current production, marketing and other processes. To ensure the adequate formation of IP, two principles must be observed: data must be collected as “close” to the sources as possible and presented in a form suitable for their transformation and comparison.

3.Hierarchy of information use in logistics

Information that meets the logistics needs of the company can be implemented at 4 levels of management.

This level is usually determined depending on the type of activity and the degree of responsibility for the work performed.

In this case, the informational LAN is subdivided into:

□ to the functional subsystem consisting of a set of tasks to be solved, grouped according to a common goal

□ to the supporting subsystem, including the provision of:

· Technical (technical means for processing and transmitting information);

· Informational (reference books, classifiers, codifiers);

· Software (word processing, solving quantitative problems).

The formation of an information system is a process in which the achievements of modern information technologies and the latest computer systems are used, which makes it possible to successfully manage all processes at all levels of management.

The main purpose of the functioning of an informational LAN- informing in the right place, in the right amount and at the right time.

Information flows used to formulate strategies and policies for making logistics decisions may contain the following information:

· Marketing (market research, analysis and sales forecast);

· Sales (invoices, sales orders, consumables);

· Engineering (projects, accounting of materials, cost estimates);

· Financial (accounting reports on receipts and expenses, invoices for payment);

· Production (reports, work projects, operational maps, schedules and consumption plans).

4. "Relationship" of information and material flows

Information flow can arise as a result of the movement of one or another material flow. Conversely, it can be the cause of the material flow.

In logistics management, the information flow can be one of the following: :

Information flow between subsystems of one hierarchical level - horizontal information flow

Information flow between subsystems of different hierarchical levels - vertical information flow

External or internal information flow

Input or output information stream

The information flow is characterized by the following parameters :

1) the source of occurrence;

3) transmission speed (amount of information transmitted per unit of time);

4) total volume (the volume of transmission in information theory is measured in baud, (1 baud = 1 bit / sec.)).

IP can function in the same direction as the corresponding material flow (MP) or directed towards the MP. The direction of the MT in some cases may have nothing to do with the direction of movement of the corresponding MT. The IP moving towards the MP can be anticipatory and lagging, can be ahead, lag behind and be synchronous.

Varieties of information flow:

1) advanced; 2) synchronous; 3) laggards:

a) with the same direction; b) counter;

c) differing in direction.

The aforementioned various IPs are the connections that combine into a single whole various functional subsystems within which material flows are realized.

5. Methods for identification and storage of data in a LAN (bar coding)

For effective logistics management of material flows, timely operational information is required on the movement of aggregates of cargo units that form the corresponding material flows. The most modern method is to scan labels containing special bar codes.

Bar (strip) codes (bar codes)- a combination of alternating thin and thick black stripes placed in a rectangle, separated by light gaps of different widths. There are and are used different types of bar codes, depending on the purpose and field of application. Each code has its own characteristics.

ITF -14 code - rectangular, easier to print, possibly for use on corrugated boxes, used to code consignments.

Code 128 is an additional one, applied in addition to others for coding the batch number, date of manufacture, date of sale, etc.

EAN codes (4,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14) - for encoding consumer goods. 99% of products have barcodes. (EAN - European Article Numbering)

Introduction

The concept and essence of information logistics

Logistic information systems

Principles of building logistics information systems

Information technology in logistics

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

In recent years, new logistics technologies based on informatics have been rapidly developing, without which it is difficult to carry out activities for any enterprise.

Any manufacturing enterprise is an open system that is connected by material and information flows with suppliers, consumers, forwarders and transport organizations. Such ties determine some failures in the implementation of activities by each of the participants in the general system of cooperation (partnership). Therefore, information support of logistics management is one of the most important and relevant areas. Thanks to the successful management of information flows, it is possible to reduce warehousing (better inventory management, consistency of actions between the supplier and the consumer, replacing the storage of finished products with the storage of semi-finished products or raw materials), as well as through the exchange of information, it is also possible to speed up transportation (consistency of all links of the transport chain).

At the heart of the material management process is the processing of information circulating in logistics systems. A necessary condition for the coordinated work of all links of the logistics chain is the presence of information systems that, like the central nervous system, are able to quickly and economically bring the required signal to the right point at the right time. One of the most important conditions for the successful functioning of production as a whole is the availability of such a system of information that would make it possible to link together all activities (supply, production, transport, storage, distribution, etc.) and manage it based on the principles of a single whole.

The concept and essence of information logistics

Information logistics organizes the data flow accompanying the material flow, is engaged in the creation and management of information systems, which, technically and programmatically, ensure the transmission and processing of logistics information.

The subject of the study of information logistics is the features of the construction and functioning of information systems that ensure the functioning of logistics systems. The purpose of information logistics is the construction and operation of information systems that ensure the availability of:

1) the necessary information (for material flow management);

2) in the right place;

3) at the right time;

4) the necessary content (for the person making the decision);

5) at minimal cost.

· Multiplicity of divisions (information providers);

· Multiplicity of departments (consumers of information);

· Difficult practical visibility of information flow routes;

· A large number of units of documentation for various routes;

· Selection of an option from the existing ones to optimize information flows.

This reveals one of the problems of information flow management - the lack of timely information, which causes the accumulation of material, since the consumer's uncertainty, like the supplier's uncertainty, usually causes a desire to hedge.

You can quickly and efficiently manage the information flow through the following operations:

· Forwarding of information flow;

· Limiting the transmission rate to the appropriate receive rate;

· Decreasing or increasing the amount of information in certain areas of information passage;

· Limiting the volume of the flow to the value of the throughput of an individual node or section of the route.

Logistic information systems

A logistics system is a self-adapting feedback system that performs logistics functions or operations, consists of subsystems and has developed connections with the external environment.

Information Systems provide preparation, input, storage, processing, control and transmission of data. They differ in a hierarchical structure. The degree of their automation is quite high. Information systems are implemented as a network of interconnected computers of various sizes and subscriber points (terminals). Their subsystems perform functions at various levels of management, usually using a common data bank. Information of an ever higher level is obtained by compressing data from a detailed database of lower levels. Detailed data is only transferred to a higher level in the event of significant deviations from the desired or expected state.

Logistic information systems are information networks, which are usually divided into three groups:

The first is information systems for making long-term decisions about structures and strategies (the so-called planning systems). They serve primarily to create and optimize the links in the supply chain. Scheduled systems are characterized by batch processing of tasks. The tasks to be solved may include the following:

· Creation and optimization of the links of the logistics chain;

· Management of conditionally constant, i.e., little-changing data;

· Production planning;

· General management of stocks;

· Management of reserves and other tasks.

The second is information systems for making decisions in the medium and short term (the so-called dispositive or dispatch systems). They are aimed at ensuring the smooth operation of logistics systems. We are talking, for example, about the disposal (disposition) of intra-plant transport, stocks of finished products, provision of materials and contract supplies, and the launch of orders into production. Some tasks can be processed in batch mode, others require interactive processing (on-line) due to the need to use as much relevant data as possible. The dipositive system prepares all the initial data for decision-making and records the current state of the system in the database.

The third is information systems for the execution of everyday affairs (the so-called executive systems). They are used mainly at the administrative and operational levels of management, but sometimes also contain some elements of a short-term disposition. Especially important for these systems are the processing speed and recording of the physical state without delay (i.e. the relevance of all data), therefore, in most cases, they work in on-line mode. We are talking, for example, about warehouse management and inventory control, preparation of shipment, operational management of production, management of automated equipment. Process and equipment control requires the integration of commercial information systems and automation control systems.

Building information systems requires systems thinking. The role of the regulator in decision-making is reserved by a person, and computer technology provides him with the necessary information. The interconnection of computer equipment on the territory of the enterprise or between several closely located parts of the enterprise (for example, in the same city) is realized, as a rule, by a fixed line (network) intended only for this purpose. Wireless communication is used for mobile vehicles and on-board computers.

When designing information systems, there is a danger of maintaining traditional processes, while it is necessary to achieve fundamental changes in the organization. It should be borne in mind that computing systems are not a universal cure for poorly managed operations. In addition, with the uncontrolled use of new information technologies, it is easy to spill unnecessary information and, as a result, increase the cost of data processing without a noticeable effect for the enterprise. Insufficient efficiency of information systems can have other reasons: for example, organizational barriers between enterprise departments, low quality (according to the criteria of "fidelity" and "relevance") of data, unpreparedness of enterprise departments to implement the system.

In accordance with the concept of logistics, information systems belonging to different groups are integrated into a single information system. Distinguish between vertical and horizontal integration. Vertical integration the connection between the planned, dispositive and executive systems is considered through vertical information flows. Schematic diagram of vertical information flows connecting planned, dispositive and executive systems.

Horizontal integration the connection between individual complexes of tasks in dispositive and executive systems is considered through horizontal information flows.

Principles of building logistics information systems

In accordance with the principles of the systems approach, any system must first be investigated in relation to the external environment, and only then within its structure. This principle - consistent progress through the stages of publishing the system - must be observed when designing logistic information systems.

Information support used in a small business can be divided into primary and secondary.

Primary functions include:

· Organization of arrays of information;

· Organization of information flows;

· Organization of processes and means of collecting, storing, processing and transporting information.

When organizing arrays of information, unified documentation systems and classifiers are used, with the help of which structured arrays of data are used to organize databases.

Array is a collection of homogeneous data with a single technological basis and united by a single semantic content. Data (processes, phenomena, facts, etc.) presented in a formalized form suitable for transmission via communication channels and for processing on a computer. The main elements of arrays that determine their content are records.

The functions of organizing information flows are offered by the following management procedures:

· Determination of sources and consumers of information in accordance with special functions and management tasks;

· Determination of the composition of information, the frequency of its circulation and forms of presentation;

· Development of workflow;

· Use of a set of technical means for organizing information flows;

· Establishment of the procedure for drawing up, drawing up, registering, agreeing and approving documents.

Organization of the process of collecting, storing, processing and transporting information involves:

· Provision of technological processes with the necessary technical means;

· Distribution between departments and individual performers of tasks for the preparation and transfer of information from the place of its origin to the consumer.

The secondary functions of the information support subsystem is to provide management personnel with scientific and technical information about the latest domestic and foreign achievements in science, technology, economics, production technology, and advanced domestic and foreign experience in the field of management.

Of course, the information support subsystem for performing the above functions must be properly organized. The specificity of the activity of the information support subsystem is that in the course of its activity it should be able to influence all functional subsystems of the organization. Thus, the question immediately arises: what place should this subsystem occupy in the enterprise hierarchy?

Currently, there are three options for organizing the information support subsystem at enterprises:

· Centralized;

· Decentralized;

· Specialized.

With a centralized method of organization, all information technology activities are concentrated in one department (department) and report directly to the top management of the company responsible for information systems and technologies.

The advantage of a centralized method of organization is to ensure high efficiency in the implementation of new information systems and technologies. The disadvantages include the high costs of maintaining the management apparatus.

With a decentralized method of organizing the information support subsystem, specialists from different functional divisions perform the functions of managing information systems, each in its own direction.

The advantage of this method of organization is the high level of knowledge of the subject area of ​​the information systems manager, the disadvantage is the duplication of the same type of tasks and functions in different subsystems.

With a specialized method of organization, there is no subdivision for information systems (technologies). If it is necessary to introduce an automated system, these organizations contact specialized firms and perform work on a contractual basis. This is common in small organizations that cannot have full-time IT professionals and rely on consultants.

The advantage of this method of organizing the information support subsystem is a high level of scientific and methodological developments, the disadvantage is the complexity of taking into account all the specific features of the object.

The choice of this or that method of organizing the information support subsystem at the enterprise depends on many factors, and, first of all, the size of the organization, the management system, the business processes existing in it, and the availability of free funds. It should only be noted that the information support subsystem has now reached such a level of specialization that it requires close attention to its organization. Modern leaders understand this, and any organization, even the smallest, has information services in its composition.

Information technology in logistics

The use of computer technology and modern software can significantly improve the speed and quality of management decisions. The current state of logistics and its development was largely formed due to the rapid development and implementation of information and computer technologies in all areas of business. The implementation of most logistics concepts (systems) such as SDP, JIT, DDT, and others would not be possible without the use of high-speed computers, local area networks, telecommunications systems and information software.

A variety of information flows circulating within and between the elements of the logistics system, the logistics system and the external environment, form a kind of logistics information system, which can be defined as an interactive structure consisting of personnel, equipment and procedures (technologies), united by related information used by logistics management for planning, regulation, control and analysis of the functioning of the logistics system.

If the information system carries out automated processing of information, then the technical support includes computer equipment and means of communication between computers.

The widespread penetration of logistics into the field of production management is largely due to the computerization of material flow management. The computer has become an everyday tool of labor for workers of a wide variety of specialties, they learned to handle it, they believed it. Computer software allows solving complex information processing issues at each workplace. This ability of microprocessor technology makes it possible from a systemic standpoint to approach material flow management, ensuring the processing and mutual exchange of large amounts of information between various participants in the logistics process.

When implementing logistics functions at the enterprise, the main directions of the work program are:

· Determine the technical means for the implementation of the program task;

· Requirements for quality characteristics are drawn up and the required amount of financial and labor resources is determined;

· Determination of basic methods for the formation of program tasks;

· The choice of the organizational form for the implementation of program tasks;

· Drawing up a network model for the implementation of stages and works;

· Development of a system of evaluation criteria and motivation for action;

· Organization of control, accounting and evaluation of the progress of work.

A logical system in production is only effective when conditions are created for its integration into current production and commercial processes. This problem is solved by creating an information basis corresponding to a given type of production and its volume and other characteristics of the production structure of enterprises. This also includes "up-to-date reviews" of funds (availability of actual and planned orders, maintenance of production main and intermediate warehouses) and deadlines (delivery, processing, waiting, downtime, meeting deadlines). To collect this data, the manufacturing system throughout the plant has “sensors and gauges” that monitor the volume and timing of ongoing processes.

Currently, paperless information exchange technologies are widely spread between partners. In transport, instead of numerous documents accompanying the cargo (especially in international traffic) via communication channels (Internet), information is transmitted synchronously with the cargo, containing all the characteristics of the goods and details necessary for it about each unit shipped. With such a system, on all sections of the route, at any time, you can get comprehensive information about the cargo and, on the basis of this, make management decisions. The logistics system allows the shipper to get access to files reflecting the state of transport services and transport load.

An automatic documentary exchange between manufacturers of goods and large stores is possible, including the exchange of invoices and shipping offices when goods are sent directly from the manufacturer to the buyer. With the help of paperless communication technology, the buyer can place purchase orders directly.

Electronic data exchange is a process that allows using computers to establish communication between companies, to conclude a deal using global and local computer networks, which directly organize interaction between computers of various companies. To realize these opportunities, companies conclude standard exchange protocols and conclude agreements with each other.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, the use of information logistics made it possible to establish effective communication between the participants in the management process, although this entailed some problems, for example, a lack of receiving and processing data, the problem of researching operations in the management of material and information flows, the problem of supply management, etc. To manage information flows and organize electronic data transfer between enterprises, it is necessary, first of all, to achieve compatibility of hardware and software.

Currently, these problems are at the stage of solution, since the role of information support for logistics management is increasing every day, acquiring massive proportions, thereby accelerating the process of forming information technologies in logistics.

With regard to specifically automated systems, then of course we cannot do without them if we want to speed up and facilitate communications between partners along supply chains, since every movement of materials is associated with the transfer of information.

Bibliography

1. Kozlovsky, V.A. Production and operational management: workshop / V. A. Kozlovsky, T. V. Markina, V. A. Makarov. - SPb .: Special literature, 1998 .-- 216 p.

2. Logistics: Textbook / Edited by B.А. Anikina. - M: INFRA-M, 1997 .-- 327 p.

3. Logistics: textbook. allowance / BA Anikin [and others]; ed. B. A. Anikina, T. A. Rodkina. - M .: TK Welby, Prospect Publishing House, 2007 .-- 408 p.

4. Basics of logistics: a textbook for university students studying in the specialties 080506 "Logistics", 080111 "Marketing", 080301 "Commerce (trade)" / Yu. A. Shcherbanin. - M .: UNITI-DANA, 2007 .-- 320 p.

5. Basics of logistics: textbook / Ed. L. B. Mirotin and V.I.Sergeev. - M .: INFRA-M, 1999 .-- 200 p.

6. Rodnikov, A.N. Logistics: terminological dictionary / A.N. Rodnikov. - M: Economics, 1995 .-- 251 p.

8. Semenenko A.I. Entrepreneurial logistics. - SPb .: "Polytechnic", 1997. - 349 p.

9. Efficient logistics. / L.B. Mirotin, I.E. Tashbaev, O. G. Poroshina - Moscow: Exam Publishing House, 2003. - 160 p.

INTRODUCTION

Information logistics is a part of logistics that organizes the flow of data (information) that accompanies the material flow in the process of its movement. Information logistics is the link between procurement, production and sales in an enterprise.

Information logistics manages all the processes of movement and storage of goods at the enterprise, thereby ensuring the timely delivery of these goods in the required quantity, the required configuration and the required quality from the places of production to the place of consumption with minimal costs and optimal service.

Basic concepts of information logistics:

information flow;

Information system;

information technology.

The main task of information logistics is to deliver information to and from the enterprise management system. Each level of the hierarchical structure of the enterprise should receive only the necessary information at the required time.

Information logistics should perform the following functions:

collect emerging information;

analyze information;

move information;

accumulate and store information;

filter the flow of information, that is, select the data and documents necessary for a particular level of management;

combine and disconnect information flows;

perform elementary information transformations;

manage information flow.

Information (economic) - a set of various information functioning in economic objects (about the social processes of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods and services), which can be recorded, transmitted, transformed and used to carry out such management functions as planning, accounting, economic analysis, regulation, etc.

Information logistics

This is a tricky definition that requires division into several subsections:

1. Structuring into an organized system of information that accompanies the material flow. Collecting and assembling data related to material flow in general.

2. Delivery of material flow data to the required destination, on time and in full.

3. Analysis of the received organized (structured) data system. Creation of an optimal information field for the implementation of a full-fledged analysis of data on material flow. This is a very important point and without it information logistics is simply impossible, so enterprises should pay special attention to this.

4. Making decisions based on the final analysis. The final analysis includes not only calculations and expert recommendations, but also, if possible, visualization of the analysis of all the data obtained.

5. Search for suitable performers and entrusting employees with information logistics solutions in their entirety. Monitoring compliance with the implementation of this phase of the operation. It is important that the performers understand all the decisions that they need to carry out and then the information strategy of the enterprise will be successful.

The importance of creating and using information systems in logistics systems

The MP management process is based on the processing of information circulating in logistics systems. A necessary condition for the coordinated work of all links of the LC is the presence of information systems, which, like the central nervous system, are able to quickly and economically bring the required signal to the right point at the right moment. One of the most important conditions for the successful functioning of production as a whole is the availability of such a system of information that would make it possible to link together all activities (supply, production, transport, storage, distribution, etc.) and manage it based on the principles of a single whole. At the present level of development of social production, it has become obvious that information is independent production factor, the potential of which opens up broad prospects for strengthening the competitiveness of firms. The streams of information are the connecting threads on which all the elements of the logistic system are strung.

Information logistics organizes the data flow accompanying the MT, is engaged in the creation and management of information systems (IS), which technically and programmatically ensure the transmission and processing of logistics information. Subject studying information logistics are the features of the construction and functioning of the IS that ensure the functioning of the drug. The purpose information logistics is the construction and operation of information systems that ensure the availability : 1) the necessary information (for managing the MT); 2) in the right place; 3) at the right time; 4) the necessary content (for the person making the decision); 5) at minimal cost.

With the help of information logistics and the improvement on its basis of planning and management methods in companies of leading industrial countries, a process is currently underway, the essence of which is replacement of physical inventory with reliable information .

Information flow. Types of information flows. The relationship of information and material flows

Each MT corresponds to some information flow. Information flow (IP) – This is a flow of messages in speech, documentary (paper and electronic) and other forms, generated by the original MT in the considered LAN, between the LAN and the external environment and intended for the implementation of control functions. Table 1 shows one of the possible classifications of IP.

There is no one-to-one correspondence between MT and IP, i.e. synchronicity in the time of occurrence, direction, etc. IP can be ahead of the MP (negotiating, concluding contracts, etc.) or lag behind it (information on receiving the delivered goods):
· outstripping information flow in oncoming direction contains, as a rule, information about the order;
· outstripping information flow in direct direction - these are preliminary messages about the upcoming arrival of the cargo;
· simultaneously with the material flow, information goes to direct direction on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the MP;
· after behind the material flow in oncoming information on the results of the acceptance of goods in terms of quantity or quality, various claims, confirmations can pass to the direction.

It is possible that there are several IP accompanying the MT.

Table 1

Classification of information flows

Information system. Types of information systems at the micro level

Information system – it is a set of interconnected computer hardware and software, organized in a certain way, allowing one or another functional problem to be solved, for example, in logistics - management tasks for MT. Most often, IS is subdivided into two subsystems: functional and supporting. Functional subsystem consists of a set of tasks to be solved, grouped according to the commonality of the goal. Supporting subsystem, includes the following elements: technical software, that is, a set of technical means that ensure the processing and transmission of information flows; informational software, including various reference books, classifiers, codifiers, means of formalized description of data; software, that is, a set of methods for solving functional problems.

At the micro level, the following three types of IP are distinguished:

1) Planned IS are created at the administrative level of management for making long-term decisions: creation and optimization of the links of the logistics chain; production planning; general inventory management; management of reserves, etc.

2) Dispositive or dispatching information systems are created at the level of warehouse or shop management to ensure the smooth operation of drugs, to make decisions for the medium and long term: management of intra-warehouse or intra-plant transport; selection of goods according to orders and their completion; accounting of goods sent; detailed inventory management.

3) Executive IS are created at the level of administrative or operational management for the execution of everyday affairs in real time: control of MP; operational management of production services; motion control, etc.

In planned information systems, tasks are solved that connect the LAN with the aggregate MT. At the same time, end-to-end planning in the sales-production-supply chain is carried out, which makes it possible to create an effective production organization system based on market requirements, with the issuance of the necessary requirements to the enterprise's material and technical support system. In this way, the planning systems "tie" the logistics system into the external environment, into the aggregate material flow.

Dispositive and executive systems detail the outlined plans and ensure their implementation at individual production sites, in warehouses, as well as at specific workplaces.

Vertical and horizontal integration of information systems

In accordance with the concept of logistics, information systems belonging to different groups are integrated into a single IS. Distinguish between vertical and horizontal integration. Vertical integration the connection between the planned, dispositive and executive systems is considered through vertical information flows. Horizontal integration the connection between individual complexes of tasks in dispositive and executive systems is considered through horizontal information flows.

Automated information systems

Information logistics creates automated information systems... Their tasks include:

· Continuous provision of the management bodies of the logistic system with reliable information about the movement of the order.

· Constant provision of employees of the enterprise with adequate information about the movement of products in real time.

· Operational management of the enterprise.

· Provide management with visual information about the use of investments.

· Providing information on expenses.

· Help in identifying bottlenecks.

· Providing the ability to assess the timing of the execution of orders received.

· Ensuring profitable operation of the enterprise by optimizing logistics processes.

The use of automatic barcode identification technology in logistics

A large number of units of goods pass through each link in the supply chain. At the same time, within each link, goods are repeatedly moved to places of storage and processing. "The entire system of movement of goods is continuously pulsating discrete flows, the speed of which depends both on the potential (capacity) of production, the rhythm of supply, the size of available stocks, and on the speed of sale and consumption." In order to be able to effectively manage this dynamic logistics system, it is necessary at any time to have information in a detailed assortment about the material flows entering and leaving it, as well as about the material flows circulating within it. As evidenced by foreign and domestic experience, this problem is solved by using microprocessor technology in the implementation of logistics operations with material flow, capable of identifying (recognizing) an individual cargo unit. We are talking about equipment capable of scanning (reading) a variety of bar codes. This equipment allows you to receive information about a logistic operation at the time and place of its commission - at the warehouses of industrial enterprises, wholesale depots, shops, in transport. The information received is processed in real time, which allows the management system to respond to it in the optimal time frame.

Automatic collection of information is based on the use of different types of barcodes, each of which has its own technological advantages. For example, a code with a rectangular outline - the ITF-14 code is printed much easier than other codes, which makes it possible to use it on corrugated packaging. Used to encode consignments.

A 2 of 5 interleaved code can be used to encode a large amount of information on a limited surface. "

In logistics, in addition to other codes, code 128 can be used. This code can be used to encode additional information, batch number, production date, implementation date, etc.

In the sphere of circulation, the EAN code has become widely used, which can often be found on consumer goods. Let us dwell in more detail on the technology of using the EAN code in logistics processes.

The use of the technology of automatic identification of bar codes in logistics can significantly improve the management of material flows at all stages of the logistics process. Let's note its main advantages. In production :

Creation of a unified system of accounting and control of the movement of products and its component parts at each site, as well as the state of the logistics process at the enterprise as a whole;

Reducing the number of support personnel and reporting documentation, eliminating errors.

In the warehouse :

Automation of accounting and control of material so far;

Automation of the inventory process of inventories;

Reducing the time for logistics operations with material and information flow.

In trade :

Creation of a unified material flow accounting system;

Automation of ordering and inventory of goods:

Reduced customer service time.

Conclusion

Studying the topic "Information logistics" allowed us

1) highlight its basic concepts, tasks and functions;

2) consider its main sections - information flow, information system, information technology;

3) get acquainted with the hierarchy of the use of the logistics information system and its functions.

Objectives of creating an information system :

1) ensuring the survival and efficiency of the logistics system;

2) ensuring the movement and timely acceptance of the material flow;

3) elimination of errors and inaccuracies in obtaining information and using it;

4) expansion of the functions of the logistics system in accordance with the requirements of the market;

5) providing information links with the external and internal environment of the logistics system.

Basic principles of building an information system :

1) hierarchy (subordination of tasks and use of data sources); 2) data aggregation (accounting for requests at different levels); ... 3) redundancy (construction taking into account not only current, but also future tasks); 4) confidentiality; 5) adaptability to changing requests; 6) consistency and informational unity (determined by the development of a system of indicators, which would exclude the possibility of inconsistent actions and the conclusion of incorrect information); 7) openness of the system (for data replenishment).

The main tasks solved using information systems :

1) collection of actual data, primary analysis of production and consumption; 2) analysis of the dynamics of production; 3) analysis of demand for a given type of product for a given type of enterprise; 4) functional analysis of products from the point of view of a given consumer; 5) analysis of the elasticity of demand for a given type of product for a given group of consumers, depending on the price; 6) analysis of the possibilities of supplying other types of products to this group of enterprises; 7) analysis of new sales markets; 8) analysis and forecast of the functioning of the enterprise; 9) analysis of sales and technological leaps in production; 10) the general task of forming the optimal nomenclature production program of the enterprise;

11) generalized analysis of technological, marketing and raw material production possibilities; 12) determination of the strategy of the enterprise in terms of personnel, production and promotion of products; 13) general analysis and forecast of production and sales of these products.

When using logistics systems, we can:

Have information about the information that the logistics information system should provide;

To develop (according to the available information) a forecast of the material flow;

Imagine an integrated flow of information;

Use a feedback information system in the logistics system.

List of used literature:

1. Study guide for preparation for the final interdisciplinary exam of professional training of a manager. Ed. V.E. Lankin, 2006.

2. Gadzhinsky A.M. Logistics: Textbook for higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. - No. ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Information and implementation center "Marketing", 2000.

They are a necessary link in the overall production process. Information logistics is considered one of the main areas of their activity. This is the industry that unites all stages of production - from the supply of materials to the sale of products. Information logistics collects data that is necessary for material production.

Its main task is to collect and timely deliver information to both production departments and the company's management team. It should be borne in mind that each level of the production process must be provided only with the data necessary for its operation at the right time.

Logistics systems deliver the information needed to formulate a company's strategy and policy, as well as to make decisions. The middle tier must be provided with data for successful planning and organization of the production process. The authorities exercising control must also be provided with the necessary data.

Information logistics performs the following functions:

1. Getting data in the places where it appears.

Providing the possibility of reallocation of resources for the purpose of their more efficient use;

Assessment of the production process and its results;

Help to maximize the company's profits.

In order to make the work of the logistics system effective, various developments in the field of information technology are used. This includes the creation and use of computerized networks within the company. They should combine all levels for faster delivery of information. It is also necessary to provide the system with application programs that will make it possible to more efficiently carry out

Collection systems, processing and must have certain properties. First, they must be able to support a decrease or increase in the number of users. Secondly, they should enable several users to process information at once. Another important indicator is the ability for each consumer to independently customize the flow of information. The last quality is openness and the possibility of cooperation with other systems for the exchange of information.

Information logistics is an important part of the activity of any company.

Information resources constitute one of the most important subsystems of a firm's resource potential, and information is a key element of logistics operations. Logistic information- this is a purposefully collected set of facts, phenomena, events of interest and subject to registration and processing to ensure the process of drug management of the enterprise.

Information becomes a logistic production factor. Thanks to its efficient processing, they can significantly reduce warehousing costs, achieve better inventory management, consistency of actions between the supplier and the consumer, and accelerate transportation due to the consistency of all links of the transport chain. Lack of timely information causes stockpiles of materials to build up, as consumer uncertainty, like supplier uncertainty, tends to generate hedging.

In fig. 4.1 presents a simplified flow diagram of information logistics, showing the passage of the main information flows necessary for the functioning of an entrepreneurial firm.

Communication is the most important component of the management system of any organization. With their help, information is provided for making decisions when performing the functions of a control ring, for coordinating and integrating the activities of various departments of the organization, as well as partners in the supply chain.

Previously, information costs were considered as a kind of "tax" on production operations. Effective decision-making in each of the subsystems of a modern firm is possible only if the alternatives (economic, legal, marketing, logistics, etc.) arising from the entire array of corporate information as a whole are taken into account.

Rice. 4.1. Information logistics flow diagram of an entrepreneurial firm

So, the problem arose of organizing the volume of information work created by the growth within corporate interactions, and the number of external economic ties was growing quite rapidly. The modern organizational and informational structure of an enterprise can be represented as follows (Fig. 4.2).

It can be effective only if it is given a high status in the structure of the company in the person of the chief functional manager-director of logistics (as a deputy director of the company). Only in this case, such logistics tasks as rationalizing the enterprise's small business, saving material costs throughout the logistics flow can be fulfilled.

So, in the field of logistics, information logistics turned out to be in demand.

Rice. 4.2. Modern organizational and information

Company structure

Information logistics–The area of ​​organization's logistics, which studies and solves the problems of organizing and integrating information flows for making managerial decisions in logistics systems. Information logistics. organizes the data flow accompanying the MT, is engaged in the creation and management of information systems (IS), the implementation of information technologies (IT), which, technically and programmatically, provide for the transmission and processing of logistics information. With the help of information logistics and the improvement on its basis of planning and management methods in companies of leading industrial countries, a process is currently underway, the essence of which is replacement of physical inventory with reliable information.

Subject studying information logistics are the features of the construction and functioning of IS that ensure the functioning of drugs.

The purpose information logistics is the construction and operation of information systems that ensure the availability :

1) the necessary information (for managing the MT);

2) in the right place;

3) at the right time;

4) the necessary content (for the person making the decision);

5) at minimal cost.

Information logistics tools should allow planning, managing and controlling MT. So main tasks information logistics are:

· Planning of logistic needs in the field of information transmission and processing;

· Analysis of solutions related to the promotion of MT, and the corresponding information flows (IP) and requirements for the parameters of the IP;

· Management control of logistics processes;

· Integration of LC participants.

Let us recall that the fundamental differences between the logistic approach to MP management from the traditional one are:

1) unification of disparate MPs into a single end-to-end MP;

2) the allocation of a single function of management of end-to-end MT;

3) informational, technical, economic integration of individual links of the LC into a single system (at the macro level - various enterprises, at the micro level - various services of the enterprise).

Information integration may consist in the active exchange of information about the parameters of the MT, the creation of common systems for collecting and storing information, the coordination of the parameters of existing information systems (presentation formats, data transfer protocols, etc.) at partner enterprises in the supply chain, the introduction of common information systems and technologies, etc.

Thus, one of the most important conditions for the successful functioning of the enterprise as a whole is the availability of such an information system that would allow to link together all activities (supply, production, transport, storage, distribution, etc.) and manage it based on the principles of a single whole. ... At the present level of development of social production, it has become obvious that information is independent production factor, the potential of which opens up broad prospects for strengthening the competitiveness of firms.