Public and private cloud. Characteristics of the main types of "cloud" services

Development for e-commerce

Previously, to deploy an application, you had to buy and configure your own physical servers. This approach had a large number of drawbacks, for example, if “one and a half servers” was enough for the application to work properly, it still had to pay for two - the cost of maintaining and maintaining the infrastructure turned out to be unreasonably high.

Today we have such services that allow you to configure a virtual server and data storage for your own needs. In this case, the costs depend on the required amount of computing (and other) resources - you pay only for what you use.

The roots of cloud computing go back to high performance computing. Even such countries took part in the race of countries to increase computing power large companies like IBM and HP.

“However, engineers and researchers quickly realized that this approach didn't scale well,” says Pradeep Padala, founder of ContainerX. - Therefore, the search began for alternative methods of performing calculations: they began to develop distributed systems combining the power of a huge number of computers ”.

Academic projects such as Condor, a distributed network of computers deployed at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, have emerged. To date, 350 UNIX desktop stations are installed there, which provide access to work for users from all over the world. There were other projects as well, for example distributed.net and [email protected]- at that time, this idea was innovative, and it is also quite interesting to search for extraterrestrial civilizations.

Then came the LHC from CERN, which spawned countless research projects that spent billions of dollars. As part of this movement, grid computing has come into vogue. The definition of Grid Computing is very close to what we call Computing as a Service. An example is the Globus Toolkit.

At the same time, in the tech industry, VMware and Xen were promoting virtualization, which allowed multiple machines to run on a single physical machine. It has transformed the IT industry, and its ease of use has caught the attention of startups who have found it difficult to buy and maintain their own hardware.

Pictured below classic model computer computing. Servers, applications and services are accessed over the network.

By turning to cloud computing, organizations are able to customize their infrastructure as they see fit, with less investment and effort. In other words, this model aims to improve the availability of computing resources and combines five characteristics: self-service on demand, broad availability over the Internet, resource pooling, adaptability, and measurability.

Self-service means that consumers should be able to easily and of their own free will use (or turn off) additional computing power, without contacting staff and technicians on the side of the service provider.

Wide availability means that all the capabilities offered by the supplier are available over the network. Working with them is carried out on the basis of standard mechanisms - this makes it possible to use various client platforms, for example mobile phones, tablet computers and personal computers.

The provider pools its computing resources so that they can be dynamically reallocated in accordance with the needs of users - this is the so-called principle of multiple tenancy (Multi-tenancy). There is a feeling of independence from location, when the customer does not know exactly where the resources are, but can determine their location at an abstract level (country or region).

The ability to adapt quickly is the ability to quickly adapt resources to the needs of the customer. From the point of view of the client, the opportunities offered to him look unlimited, which he can use at any time.

Cloud systems automatically monitor and optimize resource use. It does this by measuring various parameters (storage size, processing power, bandwidth). Thus, both the supplier and the consumer receive complete information about the volume of services provided / consumed.

As for the cost of services, the process of their formation can be quite complicated, and the price tag can vary from supplier to supplier. Jason M. Lemkin, Partner at SaaStr Ventures, believes that if your product is better, then you shouldn't hesitate to inflate the price.

If you enter any new function that can dramatically change the user experience, then there is nothing wrong with trying to get the most out of it. “If your product is five times more serious than a competitor, then you can ask for 5 times more for it,” says Jason.

In addition to the characteristics, there are three more service models: software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). They differ in the degree of control provided.

In the case of IaaS, the client gets the opportunity to use the cloud infrastructure at his own discretion and independently manage the processing and storage resources, as well as networks. “The user can create a virtual infrastructure and change it at any time,” says consultant Ewan Leith. Outsourcing has become popular since the days when companies wanted to use computers but did not want to bear the cost of maintaining and maintaining them. For this reason, we have virtualization technology today.

Virtualization is the provision of a set of computing resources or their logical association, abstracted from the hardware implementation, that is, one physical machine can support several virtual ones. Thus, physical resources are pooled, and the hypervisor allocates them to virtual machines that run guest operating systems.

You don’t need to buy equipment, you don’t need to build your own data center, you don’t need to hire system engineers who are responsible for maintaining equipment at the physical level. You give this part to the service of the cloud provider. Your area of responsibility remains the management of the operating system, installation and configuration of applications.

The second layer is Platform as a Service or PaaS. With the transition from the IaaS model to the PaaS (Platform as a Service) model, the management of operating systems and databases is additionally transferred to the side of the cloud provider. In this case, clients do not have to think about the disk space that needs to be allocated and the distribution of the load between the servers. Examples of PaaS are Google App Engine, Heroku and Force.com.

Software as a service (SaaS) is the latest layer of cloud computing, usually complementary to PaaS. This software is for end user, for example, providing work with e-mail or text. It is very often provided by subscription. Examples of SaaS can serve as Google Apps, Salesforce.com and Microsoft's Business Productivity Online Suite.

For the SaaS option, the issues of installing and configuring applications, monitoring, backup, secure transmission to the Internet are additionally transferred to the side of the cloud provider - that is, all tasks. If you decide to use this model, you don't even need to keep a technician on the team, since the service provider manages everything.

There are several deployment models: private cloud, public cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud.

A private cloud is an infrastructure that is located within the same organization. This model Deployment is designed to meet the needs of internal workforce while providing a high level of data security. A private cloud is created, for example, to provide a subsidiary with a corporate mail service.

A public cloud is an infrastructure designed for free use by the general public. This type of cloud can be owned by, for example, commercial, academic and government organizations.

However, the word "public" does not at all mean that user data is available to absolutely everyone - security mechanisms are still implemented here to control access. The main advantage of using a public cloud is ease of setup and low cost. The service provider does all the work required to create the cloud, while the consumer only configures the required amount of resources.

A public cloud (community cloud) has similar features to a private and public cloud. It is a type of infrastructure designed to be used by a specific community of consumers from organizations with common objectives. A public cloud can be operated by third-party organizations and exist both inside and outside the owner's jurisdiction. In this case, the responsibility for maintaining the cloud is shifted from the shoulders of the member organizations to the entire community.

A hybrid cloud (hybrid cloud) is called a composition of two or more types of clouds that are linked together by standardized data transmission technologies. It is very common for companies to run business critical applications in the private cloud, while the rest of the applications run in the public cloud.

P.S. A couple of our publications on the topic on Habré:

DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Private cloud

Private cloud private cloud) - infrastructure intended for use by one organization, which includes several consumers (for example, divisions of one organization), possibly also clients and contractors of this organization. A private cloud can be owned, operated and operated by the organization itself or by a third party (or some combination of these), and it can physically exist both inside and outside the owner's jurisdiction.

Public cloud

Public cloud (eng. public cloud) is an infrastructure intended for free use by the general public. The public cloud can be owned, operated and operated by commercial, academic, and government organizations (or any combination of these). The public cloud physically exists in the jurisdiction of the owner - the service provider.

Hybrid cloud

Hybrid cloud (eng. hybrid cloud) is a combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures (private, public or public) that remain unique objects, but are interconnected by standardized or private technologies for transferring data and applications (for example, short-term use of public cloud resources to balance the load between clouds).

Public cloud

Public cloud (eng. community cloud) - a type of infrastructure intended for use by a specific community of consumers from organizations with common objectives (for example, mission, security requirements, policies, and compliance with various requirements). A public cloud can be co-owned, operated and operated by one or more of the community organizations or a third party (or any combination of these), and it can physically exist both within and outside the owner's jurisdiction.

SERVICE MODELS

Software as a Service

Software as a Service ( SaaS, eng. Software-as-a-Service) - a model in which the consumer is given the opportunity to use the provider's application software that operates in the cloud infrastructure and is accessible from various client devices or through thin client e.g. from a browser (e.g. webmail) or a program interface. Control and manage the underlying physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities (except for a limited set custom settings application configuration) is carried out by the cloud provider.

Platform as a Service

Platform as a Service ( PaaS, eng. Platform-as-a-Service) is a model when the consumer is given the opportunity to use the cloud infrastructure to host the underlying software for the subsequent placement on it of new or existing applications (own, custom-developed or purchased replicated applications). Such platforms include tools for creating, testing and executing application software - database management systems, middleware, runtime programming languages - provided by a cloud provider.

Control and management of the main physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including the network, servers, operating systems, storage, is carried out by the cloud provider, with the exception of developed or installed applications, as well as, if possible, configuration parameters of the environment (platform).

Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS, eng. IaaS or Infrastructure-as-a-Service) is provided as an opportunity to use the cloud infrastructure to independently manage processing, storage, networking and other fundamental computing resources, for example, a consumer can install and run arbitrary software, which may include operating systems, platform and application software. The consumer can control the operating systems, virtual systems data storage and installed applications, as well as limited control over the set of available services (for example, firewall, DNS). The control and management of the main physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including the network, servers, types of operating systems used, storage systems is carried out by the cloud provider.

The definition of cloud computing is at first glance very confusing: it is a model for providing ubiquitous and convenient network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (for example, servers, applications, networks, storage systems, and services) that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal management effort. and the need to interact with the provider.

In order to better imagine what cloud computing is, a simple example can be given: previously, a user used to access certain software (messengers and programs) installed on his PC to access e-mail, but now he simply goes to the website of the company whose services he likes e-mail, directly through the browser, without the use of intermediaries.

But this example is more suitable for private clouds. We are interested in these technologies in business. The modern implementation began in 2006. Amazon then unveiled its web services infrastructure, which not only provides hosting, but also provides the client with remote computing power.

Three models of "clouds"

Recall that there are three cloud computing service models:

Software as a service (SaaS, Software as a Servise). The consumer is provided with software - provider applications running on the cloud infrastructure.

Platform as a Service (PaaS, Platform as a Service). The consumer is provided with the tools to deploy consumer-generated or purchased applications on the cloud infrastructure that are developed using the provider-supported tools and programming languages.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)... The consumer is provided with data processing, storage, networking and other basic computing resources on which the consumer can deploy and execute arbitrary software, including operating systems and applications.

Benefits of cloud services

Last year, the total volume of the global market in the field of cloud technologies amounted to about $ 40 billion. Some experts predict that by 2020 this figure will reach $ 240 billion. Russia ranks 34th in the introduction of cloud computing into business with an indicator of $ 250 million.

There are several advantages associated with the use of cloud technologies.

Availability. Anyone who has a computer, tablet, or any mobile device connected to the Internet can access information stored in the cloud. This leads to the following advantage.

Mobility. The user does not have a permanent attachment to one workplace. Managers can receive reports from anywhere in the world, and managers can monitor production.

Profitability. Reduced cost is one of the important benefits. The user does not need to buy expensive computers and software that are large in terms of computing power, and he is also freed from the need to hire a specialist to maintain local IT technologies.

Rent. The user receives the necessary package of services only at the moment when he needs it, and pays, in fact, only for the number of purchased functions.

Flexibility. All necessary resources are provided by the provider automatically.

High manufacturability. Large computing power that is available to the user, which can be used for storing, analyzing and processing data.

Reliability. Some experts argue that the reliability that modern cloud computing provides is much higher than the reliability of local resources, arguing that few enterprises can afford to purchase and maintain a full-fledged data center.

Google Apps for Business highlights these same benefits, only adding that the company is protecting the environment by using their cloud computing, explaining that Apps services are powered by data centers. Google data which are ultra-low power, so their carbon and energy costs will be significantly lower when using local servers.

How much does it all cost?

The cost of Google Apps for business, according to the company, is $ 5 per user per month, with free space on a cloud disk 5 GB (if you wish, you can buy another 20 GB to 16 TB at a price of $ 4 to $ 1430 per month, respectively).

Also, the user can purchase Google Apps with a safe for $ 10 per month, which includes a standard package of services plus archiving important business data, collecting data for legal purposes, searching and exporting any corporate data. Providing domains - for a separate cost. It is worth noting that one email account is considered a user.

Microsoft is also fighting for its share of cloud computing. They are based on Office 365. It focuses on an end-to-end CRM solution, claiming that Microsoft Dinamics CRM includes marketing, sales, and customer service management blocks. That is, using this function, it is possible to solve a range of relationship management tasks, from attracting customers to cross-selling.

Also highlighted are "smart" analysis, role-based interface and high mobility.

Purchasing Office 365 offers several options: Office plan Professional Plus 2010 - 555 rubles. per month per user. Subsequent tariffs cost 250, 300, 525 and 750 rubles. per month for each user, respectively. By the way, Office 365 is free to try.

Despite all the positive reviews, there is also some criticism of cloud technology.

The main criticism is that when using virtual software, information automatically falls into the hands of the developer of this software. So says Richard Stallman, founder of the free software movement.

The problem of data integration with both internal corporate and cloud services of other providers is highlighted.

Experts point to the problem of uncontrolled data: information left by the user will be stored for years without his knowledge, or he will not be able to change some part of it. For example, on Google services the user is not able to delete the services he has not used and even individual groups of data.

Despite this, most experts are of the opinion that the advantages of this technology outweigh its disadvantages.

Students often ask questions: What is cloud computing? What are cloud services? What is a cloud site? What does the cloud mean cloud storage files? How is cloud computing used in education? SaaS service for B2C and B2B sales? SaaS ERP and SaaS CRM systems and solutions? What cloud computing models are used to develop web applications? Modern data centers on the basis of which cloud services are created: SaaS, PaaS and IaaS?

First, let's look at what "cloud" (cloud) and "cloud computing" (сloud сomputing) are. "Cloud" is an innovative model (concept) of organizing an IT infrastructure, which consists of distributed and shared configurable hardware and network resources, as well as software deployed on remote (cloud) data centers of suppliers (providers). That is, the cloud is a new approach to organizing the IT infrastructure.

Cloud computing is a delivery model remote access shared computing resources that are physically distributed over many remote devices forming the so-called cloud.

Cloud computing is a model for providing scalable computing resources to the consumer as a service over the Internet. Cloud technologies Is a model of presenting IT as a service to the consumer via the Internet.

Let's analyze the fundamental definition of cloud computing proposed by the National Institute of Science and Technology on July 24, 2011.

Definition of "cloud computing"

Cloud computing- a model for providing the possibility of ubiquitous and convenient network access on demand to a pool of shared configurable computing resources(for example, networks, servers, storage media, applications and services) that can be promptly provided and released when minimal effort management or interaction with the provider (supplier). This cloud model is represented (described) by five core characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.

Key features of cloud computing that distinguish them from other types of computing (Internet resources):

Self-service on demand. The consumer, as needed, automatically, without interacting with each service provider, can independently determine and change computing power, such as server time, data storage volume.
Wide (universal) network access. Computing capabilities are available over long distances over the network through standard mechanisms, which facilitates widespread use of heterogeneous (thin or thick) client platforms (terminal devices).
Pooling resources. Provider's configurable computing resources are pooled to share distributed resources with multiple consumers.
Instant resource elasticity (instant scalability). Cloud services can be rapidly provisioned, expanded, shrinked and released based on the needs of the consumer.
Measured service (accounting for consumed services and the ability to pay for services that were actually used). Cloud systems automatically manage and optimize resource use by performing measurements at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service.

If the model (concept) of providing distributed and shared configurable computing resources meets the above characteristics, then it is cloud computing.

Service Models cloud computing or cloud computing:

Software as a Service ( SaaS) - software as a service. In this cloud delivery model, the consumer uses the provider's applications running on the cloud infrastructure, which are available to the client through an interface (web browser) or program interface. Consumers cannot manage and control the underlying infrastructure of the cloud, including network, servers, operating systems, data warehouses, or even change application-specific settings.
Platform as a Service ( PaaS) - platform as a service. The model of providing cloud computing, in which the consumer gets access to the use of a software platform: operating systems, DBMS, application software, software development and testing tools. In fact, the consumer receives a lease of a computer platform with an installed operating system and specialized tools for developing, hosting and managing web applications. The consumer does not manage the underlying cloud infrastructure, including the network, servers, operating systems, or data stores, but manages the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the environment environment.
Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS) - infrastructure as a service. The model of providing cloud computing, in which the consumer gets the opportunity to manage processing and storage facilities, as well as other fundamental computing resources (virtual servers and network infrastructure), on which he can independently install operating systems and application programs for his own purposes. In fact, the consumer leases abstract computing power (server time, disk space and network bandwidth) or uses IT infrastructure outsourcing services. The consumer does not manage the underlying cloud infrastructure, but manages the operating systems, storage, and applications deployed by it.

Cloud computing deployment models i.e. cloud computing:

Private cloud (private cloud) - Infrastructure designed to use cloud computing at the scale of a single organization.
Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that is designed for the exclusive use of cloud computing by a specific community of consumers from organizations that solve common problems.
Public cloud is an infrastructure designed for the free use of cloud computing by the general public.
Hybrid cloud is a combination of different cloud infrastructures (private, public or community) that remain unique entities, but are interconnected by standardized or private technologies that enable the exchange of data and applications.

Rice. 1. Cloud computing deployment models

Based on the above definition of cloud computing, cloud services can be represented as a multilayer model consisting of layers: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. The basis or foundation of cloud services is physical infrastructure, i.e. servers, storages, networks and system software Cloud data center (cloud data center) or networks of interconnected cloud Data centers (Fig. 2).

In cloud data centers or data processing centers (DCs) physical equipment or hardware (servers, data storages, workstations), system software (OS, virtualization and automation tools), tool and application software, equipment management systems (Equipment management systems, network infrastructure: routers and switches for connecting and interconnecting physical equipment. Moreover, normal work data centers are provided by systems of engineering support.

Rice. 2. Cloud computing architecture

First layer of cloud services - IaaS (infrastructure)

IaaS is the provision of computer and network infrastructure (servers, storage, networking) to the user and their service as a service in the form of virtualization, i.e. virtual infrastructure... In other words, on the basis of the physical infrastructure of data centers or data centers, the supplier (provider) creates a virtual infrastructure that provides users as a service. Virtualization tools allow you to transform the physical infrastructure of data centers into a virtual one and thus create the first layer cloud services- IaaS.

What is virtualization? Resource virtualization technology allows physical equipment (servers, data storage, data transmission networks) to be divided between users into several parts, which are used by them to perform their current tasks. For example, on one physical server, you can run hundreds of virtual servers, and the user can allocate time to access them to solve problems. The implementation of virtualization can be carried out both on program level, and on the hardware.

Thus, the user is provided with abstract elastic computing power, for example, not a server or servers, but server time to process his tasks. Not disks for storing data, but the required disk space, not communication channels, but the network bandwidth of switching channels required for solving problems.

In addition to virtualization, automation is used to create IaaS, which provides dynamic resource allocation without the involvement of service provider personnel, i.e. the system can automatically add or decrease the number of virtual servers, disk storage space, or change the network bandwidth of communication channels. Virtualization and automation provide compute efficiency and lower IaaS cloud rental costs.

As a rule, IaaS is provided for rent (IaaS service is provided on an outsourced basis) to corporate users. That is, users receive integrated resources to build their own computing infrastructure. In this case, the user must install and configure the OS himself and required programs for production tasks or for application development.

The IaaS concept allows the user to buy only the computing power they need to perform specific tasks. Part additional services IaaS can include connecting any physical user equipment to a cloud platform and placing it in a network of data centers.

Infrastructure as a Service is an enterprise-grade solution for enterprises of different scale... The infrastructure can be located both in the enterprise data center and in an external data center. IaaS services are designed to build and operate secure private, public, and hybrid cloud environments. Suppliers can provide hybrid cloud configurations that combine local networks at the customer's office with the cloud platform networks.

In addition, IaaS cloud computing services include Cloud Hosting. Cloud hosting is a hosting that can provide dynamic resource allocation, has the ability to automatically scale resources and has increased fault tolerance. Cloud hosting is an essential alternative virtual hosting, hosting on a virtual dedicated server VPS / VDS and hosting on a physical dedicated server.

The Cloud Hosting provider provides site owners only the resources the site needs: virtual servers, the amount of RAM and the amount of hard disk, as well as options for managing the hosting infrastructure (for example, the choice of the operating system, the amount of RAM, the amount and type of HDD, the number of CPU cores, the clock frequency and access speed). Payment for renting a cloud hosting is made only upon the fact of already consumed resources: the amount of processor time, the amount of disk space, the amount of RAM consumed and the speed of access to the site.

If necessary, the tenant (site owner) of cloud hosting can change the hosting resources or configure it to automatically increase resources when the load increases, but he will always pay only for the resources already consumed. Cloud hosting has increased fault tolerance, since the site hosted on it is simultaneously located on several virtual servers and the failure of one of them will not affect the operation of the site.

Currently, hosters offer cloud hosting services for rent with a pre-installed CMS. Hosting providers for organizing such cloud hosting can, for example, deploy Jelastic platform-as-infrastructure with pre-installed CMS on their servers. Jelastic delivers Platform-as-Infrastructure in a complete stack that enables cloud hosting deployments on the hosting provider's physical data center infrastructure.

The functionality of the Jelastic platform allows in one click to install the built-in CMS with an optimized web environment, for example, Jelastic on Infobox. Jelastic is a product that includes PaaS functionality and highly configurable IaaS infrastructure. Jelastic is a platform for running Java and PHP applications and can be used not only by hosters for organizing cloud hosting, but also by corporations to create development environments (private or hybrid clouds) for web applications.

On the cloud hosting are hosting cloud sites - these are modern cloud applications... In cloud sites (cloud applications), data is stored in cloud databases, server applications of sites are stored and executed on cloud virtual servers, and the client side of the site is executed in the user's browser.

The cloud computing environment can be created on the basis of cloud solutions Amazon EC2, IBM x86, Microsoft Azure, EMC, VMware, based on open-source solutions OpenStack, RackSpace based on OpenStack, etc., which allow you to transform the data center into a dynamic IT environment. In addition, cloud computing uses cloud databases, i.e. databases that run on cloud computing platforms. Both SQL-oriented models and NoSQL data models are used as cloud databases.

IaaS services are widely used in the United States. In Ukraine, De Novo has begun to provide cloud infrastructure for corporate clients based on solutions from VMware, EMC, Microsoft Azure, etc. On the basis of the largest Ukrainian data center VOLIA, the VoliaCLOUD cloud IT infrastructure from VMware (based on VMware cloud solutions) was built, which has more than 500 virtual data centers.

Key IaaS Solution / Vendor: Amazon Web Services / Amazon, IBM SmartCloud / IBM, SoftLayer IaaS / IBM, Azure Virtual Machines / Microsoft, Google Compute Engine / Google, HP Cloud / HP, EMC / EMC Corporation, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Services / Oracle ... It should be noted that IBM offers a robust open infrastructure IBM SmartCloud based on self-service (SoftLayer) or fully managed IaaS (IBM SmartCloud Enterprise +).

Rice. 3. Basic IaaS Cloud Computing Solution

It should be noted that work is currently underway to create cloud backbones broadband providers mobile communications(mobile operators) as an IaaS service. These services include, for example, Huawei's cloud telecom platform and Nokia Siemens Networks' NSN Telco Cloud solution.

Huawei's FusionSphere platform virtualizes compute, storage, network resources and organizes a single pool of shared configurable compute resources with a single scheduling and management mechanism. Nokia Siemens Networks carried out complex testing major mobile services covering Voice over LTE (VoLTE) and other IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services powered by Telco Cloud.

The second layer is PaaS (software platform)

The PaaS service provides a software platform and its maintenance as a service, consisting of:

OS - network operating system (Unix systems, including Ubuntu Server, BSD / OS Family, Solaris / SunOS, etc. or Windows Server),
Database - database management system DBMS (MySQL, Microsoft SQL, SQL Database, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.),
Middleware - middleware or linking (middleware) software that is designed to provide interoperability between different applications, systems and components,
Software development tools and testing - instrumental software for developing web applications and testing them (software development environment: software frameworks, libraries, etc. for creating web applications in programming languages: Python, Java, PHP, Ruby, JS for Node.js, etc.),
App server is an application server for developing, testing, debugging and running web applications.

So PaaS offers software developers tools to develop, test, deploy and support various applications... In addition, the user is provided with administration and management tools. PaaS is mainly used to develop and host web applications (for example, related distributed applications- SaaS mashup, cloud sites, etc.).

Basic PaaS Solution / Vendor:

AWS Elastic Beanstalk / Amazon (Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby and Apache HTTP Server, Apache Tomcat, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS),
IBM Bluemix / IBM (the IBM Bluemix cloud platform offers a unified solution environment and a wide range of languages and frameworks for building applications, for example, Liberty for Java ™, SDK for Node.js ™, ruby on rails, ruby sinatra),
Microsoft Asure / Microsoft (ASP.NET, Java, PHP, Python, Django, Node.js and Azure SQL Database),
Google App Engine / Google (Python, Java, PHP, Go and our MySQL),
Salesforce1 Platform Cloud application development / Salesforce brings Force.com, Heroku and ExactTarget into one cloud service network and provides tools for developing various applications. For example, for development mobile applications Salesforce1 Mobile App / Salesforce or Cloud Databases for Application Developers Database.com/Salesforce etc.
Heroku / Salesforce (Ruby, Java, Node.js, Scala, Clojure, Python and PHP and PostgreSQL),
Oracle Cloud Platform Services / Oracle (Oracle Database Cloud Service, Oracle Java Cloud Service, Oracle Database Backup Service),
OpenShift / Red Hat (Java, Java EE, Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Node.JS, and MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB),
Cloud Foundry / VMware (Java Spring, Ruby on Rails and Sinatra, NodeJS, .NET and MySQL Redis, MongoDB),

Rice. 4. Basic PaaS Cloud Computing Solution

Besides the above solutions PaaS Web application developers also use other well-known cloud platform solutions: dotCloud PaaS, SAP HANA Cloud Platform, CloudBees Platform, Rackspace, etc.

The third layer is SaaS (cloud application)

The SaaS scheme delivers the following types of cloud applications and their maintenance: Business Apps, Office Web Apps, Management Apps, Communications, Security, etc. SaaS is most widely used in the United States. The most popular cloud applications are: CRM (customer relationship management system), HRM (personnel management system, i.e. with personnel), ERP (enterprise resource planning system, for example 1C), office applications, communications, etc. Salesforce.com is the world's largest provider of cloud-based CRM applications.

Communication means email (such as Gmail), audio and video chats (such as Microsoft Lync Online), Cloud PBX or cloud PBX(for example, virtual PBX Mango-Office), cloud service MDM (Mobile Device Management). Cloud MDM service is designed to work with corporate systems using mobile devices.

Applications, so-called agents, are installed on various mobile devices that operate under the control of the cloud-based MDM system. These applications provide centralized configuration of mobile devices and access to corporate network enterprises in the form of a cloud SaaS service. Typically, cloud communications are integrated with other SaaS services such as CRM + MDM, Office Web Apps + Lync Online, Google Docs + Gmail + Hangouts, etc.

The main consumers of SaaS are small and medium-sized businesses. Most SaaS applications are designed to support communication between employees working together on a solution. common tasks(Collaboration). The architecture of SaaS applications, in which a single instance of an application running on a server serves many consumers, is multi-tenant. each consumer in the process of performing tasks is provided with its own instance of the virtual application.

Basic application software:

Business Apps (CMR, FRM, IBM® B2B Cloud Services, Axway Cloud B2B, amoCRM SaaS service for B2B, Google Apps for Business),
Business Intelligence (PowerBI in Office 365 / Microsoft, Oracle Business Intelligence Managed Cloud Service, Anaplan / ADE Professional Solutions, Brand Analytics),
Office Web Apps (Google Docs, Office Online / Microsoft OneDrive, Office Web Apps / Microsoft, Zoho Docs, IBM SmartCloud Docs, etc.),
Management Apps (ERP / RENT 1C, HRM, SCM, MRP),
Communications (Gmail, Google Hangouts, Microsoft Lync Online, Cloud PBX or Cloud PBX, MDM),
Security (Panda Cloud Email Protection, Panda Cloud Internet Protection, McAfee SaaS Email Protection & Continuity, Сomfortway Mobile Security, etc.), etc.
Collaboration and Multi-tenant (Google Docs, Google Sites, Microsoft Office Online, Office 365, Office Web Apps).

Main SaaS Solution / Vendor: Salesforce1 Sales Cloud / Salesforce (CRM), Oracle Cloud Applications / Oracle (HR, CX, ERP, EMP, SCP, Business Intelligence), Google Apps / Google - office cloud services suite (Google Docs, Google Drive , Google Sites, communication: Hangouts, Gmail, Google Calendar, etc.), IBM SmartCloud Docs / IBM, Microsoft Dynamics CRM, Microsoft OneDrive (Office Online, file storage), Office 365 / Microsoft (Office Web Apps, Lync Online, Exchange Online , SharePoint Online), Zoho Docs / Zoho (online office suite), Zoho Reports / Zoho (Business Intelligence), Zoho CRM / Zoho, Informatica Cloud MDM / Informatica, MaaS360 / Fiberlink, Cloud PBX from Vonage Business Solutions, etc.

Rice. 5. Basic SaaS Cloud Computing Solution

There are many other SaaS cloud computing services, such as Cisco WebEx, a cloud-based web conferencing service; CMS based on the SaaS model (for example, the SaaS platform UMI.CLOUD); E-Commerce B2B / B2C by SaaS model; Marketing of SaaS solutions; "Dr.Web Anti-virus" service based on the SaaS model; SugarCRM - open source commercial CRM system; BPMonline CRM with tools for modeling and automating business processes, etc.

It should be noted that the concept of cloud computing assumes the provision of various additional types of cloud services to consumers: Storage-as-a-Service, Database-as-a-Service, Information-as-a-Service, Process-as-a-Service , Integration-as-a-Service, Testing-as-a-Service, etc. There are, for example, numerous storage-as-a-Service cloud file stores: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), DropBox, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, etc.

How are cloud computing and technology used in education? Google offers educational institutions cloud google apps Apps for education for e-education... Microsoft provides educational users with the Office 365 for education (Windows Azure in education) cloud services experience. The introduction of cloud computing (Cloud Computing) in schools and universities will provide schoolchildren and students with a very comfortable learning.

The prospects for the spread of cloud computing, taking into account their current development, are outlined in the analytical work "Where do the clouds go on the compress.

In conclusion, it should be noted again that all cloud computing service models must comply with the basic characteristics of cloud computing, as set out in "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing", which distinguish them from other types of Internet resources.

To ensure that the online resources offered to you belong to one of the cloud computing models, compare their characteristics with the main characteristics of cloud computing proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (self-service on demand; single pool for resource sharing; instant elasticity or scalability; payment only for actually used services; universal network access).